Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-mp689 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T17:15:15.568Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Temperament and character dimensions of the relatives of schizophrenia patients and controls: The relationship between schizotypal features and personality

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

Emre Bora  and
Baybars Veznedaroglu
Emre Bora*
Affiliation:
Medical School of Ege University, Psychiatry Department, 35100Izmir, Turkey
Baybars Veznedaroglu
Affiliation:
Medical School of Ege University, Psychiatry Department, 35100Izmir, Turkey
*
*Corresponding author. Present address: Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Alan Gilbert Building, NNF level 3, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia. Tel.: +90 232 3903402. E-mail address: emrebora@hotmail.com (E. Bora).
Get access

Abstract

Purpose

Previous findings indicated that schizophrenia patients might have a different personality structure from the general population on several dimensions of temperament and character. Some authors proposed that HA might be a marker of underlying genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. Studies on high-risk subjects and first degree relatives of patients is essential to test the value of a measure as a marker of genetic vulnerability to a disease. Few studies tested the biopsychosocial model of personality on unaffected relatives of schizophrenia.

Subjects and methods

We compared the Temperament and Character (TCI) profiles of 94 first degree relatives of schizophrenia and 75 controls. We also investigated the relationship between schizotypy and TCI dimensions in the study sample.

Results

The harm avoidance scores of the relatives of schizoprenia patients with schizotypal features were significantly higher. Self transcendence scores were also significantly higher among relatives with schizotypal features. In contrast, the relatives of the patients with schizophrenia who did not have schizotypal features had higher SD and C scores than the control group.

Discussion and conclusion

This finding is consistent with the previous findings which suggested harm avoidance as a vulnerability indicator of schizophrenia. Some character features like self transcendence might be also associated with schizotypal features.

Keywords

TemperamentCharacterSchizotypyRelative
Type
Genetic Epidemiology and Its Methods
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 22 , Issue 1 , January 2007 , pp. 27 - 31
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier Masson SAS 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

1

Tel.: +90 232 3903401.

References

Ando, J., Suzuki, A., Yamagata, S., Kijima, N., Maekawa, H., Ono, Y.et al.Genetic and environmental structure of Cloninger's temperament and character dimensions. J Personal Disord 2004;18:379–393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Appels, M.C.M., Sitskoorn, M.M., Vollema, M.G., Kahn, R.S.Elevated levels of schizotypal features in parents of the patients with a family history of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophr Bull 2004;30:781–790.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arkar, H., Sorias, O., Tunca, Z., Safak, C., Alkin, T., Akdede, B.B.Factorial structure, validity and relaibility of the Turkish temperament and character environment. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2005;16:190–204.Google Scholar
Aycicegi, A., Dinn, W.M., Harris, C.L.Validation of Turkish and English versions of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-B. European J Psychol Assess 2005;21:34–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Badner, J.A., Gershon, E.S.Metaanalysis of whole brain linkage scans of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2002;7:405–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bayon, C., Hill, K., Svrakic, M., Przybeck, T.R., Cloninger, C.R.Dimensional assessment of personality in an outpatient sample: relations of the systems of Millon and Cloninger. J Psychiatr Res 1996;30:341–352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, A.T.An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychol 1961;4:561–571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Braff, D.L., Light, G.A.The use of neurophysiological endophenotypes to understand the genetic basis of schizophrenia. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2005;7:125–135.Google ScholarPubMed
Cloninger, C.R.Temperament and personality. Curr Opinion Neurobiol 1994;4:266–273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cloninger, C.R., Przybeck, T.R., Svrakic, D.M., Wetzel, R.D.The temperament and character inventory (TCI): a guide to its development and use. St Louis, Missouri USA: Center for Psychobiology of personality; 1994.Google Scholar
Cloninger, C.R., Svrakic, D.M., Przybeck, T.R.A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50:975–990.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daneluzzo, E., Stratta, P., Rossi, A.The contribution of temperament and character to schizotypy multidimensionality. Compr Psychiatry 2005;46:50–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eklund, M., Hannson, L., Bengtsson-Tops, A.The influence of temperament and character on functioning and aspects of psychological health among people with schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2004;19:34–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gottesman, II, Gould, T.D.The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: etymology and strategic intentions. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:636–645.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guillem, F., Bicu, M., Semkovska, M., Debruille, J.B.The dimensional symptom structure of scizophrenia and its association with temperament and character. Schizophr Res 2002;56:137–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kose, S., Sayar, K., Ak, I., Aydin, N., Kaleoglu, U., Kιrpιnar, I.Turkish version of TCI: reliability, validity and factor structure. Bull Clin Psychopharmacol 2004;14:107–131.Google Scholar
Kremen, W.S., Faraone, S.V., Toomey, R., Seidman, L.J., Tsuang, M.T.Sex differences in self-reported schizotypal traits in relatives of schizophrenic probands. Schizophr Res 1998;34:27–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kurs, R., Farkas, H., Ritsner, M.Quality of life and temperamental factors in schizophrenia: comparative study of patients, their siblings and controls. Qual Life Res 2005;14:433–440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laurent, A., Gilvarry, C., Russell, A., Murray, R.Personality dimensions and neuropsychological performance in first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia and affective psychosis. Schizophr Res 2002;55:239–248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maier, W., Minges, J., Lichtermann, D., Heun, R., Franke, P.Personality variations in healthy relatives of schizophrenics. Schizophr Res 1994;12:81–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raine, A.The SPQ: a scale for the assessment of schizotypal personality based on DSM-III-R criteria. Schizophr Bull 1991;17:555–564.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raine, A., Benishay, D.The SPQ-B: a brief screening instrument for schizotypal personality disorder. J Pers Disord 1995;9:346–355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raine, A., Reynolds, C., Lencz, T., Scerbo, A., Triphon, N., Kim, D.Cognitive – perceptual, interpersonal and disorganized features of schizotypal personality. Schizophr Bull 1994;20:191–201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ritsner, M., Susser, E.Temperament types are associated with weak self-construct, elevated distress and emotion-oriented coping in schizophrenia: evidence for a complex vulnerability marker? Psychiatr Res 2004;128:219–228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snitz, B., MacDonald, A.W., Carter, C.S.Cognitive deficits in unaffected first degree relatives of schizophrenia patients: a metaanalytic review of putative endophenotypes. Schizophr Bull 2006;32:179–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stompe, T., Willinger, U., Fischer, G., Meszaros, K., Berger, P., Strobl, R.et al.The unified biosocial model of personality in schizophrenia families and controls. Psychopathology 1998;31:45–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Szoke, A., Schürhoff, F., Ferhadien, N., Bellivier, F., Rouilion, F., Leboyer, M.Temperament in schizophrenia: a study of the tridimensional personality questionnaire (TPQ). Eur Psychiatry 2002;17:379–383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Ammers, E.C., Sellmann, J.D., Mulder, R.T.Temperament and substance abuse in schizophrenia: is there a relationship? J Nerv Ment Dis 1997;185:283–285.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Os, J., Jones, P.B.Neuroticism as a risk factor for schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2001;31:1129–1134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yaralian, P.S., Raine, A., Lenez, T., Hooley, J.M., Bihrle, S.E., Mills, S.et al.Elevated levels of cognitive and perceptual deficits in individuals with a family history of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophr Res 2000;46:57–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zohar, A.H., Dina, C., Rosolio, N., Osher, Y., Gritsenko, I., Bachner-Melman, R.et al.Tridimensional personality questionnaire trait of harm avoidance (anxiety proness) is linked to a locus on chromosome 8p21. Am J Med Genet 117B 2003 66–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.