Elsevier

Fluid Phase Equilibria

Volume 274, Issues 1–2, 25 December 2008, Pages 73-79
Fluid Phase Equilibria

Isothermal vapor–liquid equilibrium at 323.15 K and excess molar volumes and refractive indices at 298.15 K for the ternary system propyl vinyl ether + 1-propanol + benzene and its binary sub-systems

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2008.09.005Get rights and content

Abstract

Isothermal vapor–liquid equilibrium data at 323.15 K are reported for the binary systems propyl vinyl ether + 1-propanol, PVE + benzene and 1-propanol + benzene and also for ternary system PVE + 1-propanol + benzene by using headspace gas chromatography. The experimental binary and ternary vapor–liquid equilibrium data were correlated with different activity coefficient models. The excess volumes and deviations in molar refractivity data are also reported for the same binary and ternary systems at 298.15 K. These properties are correlated with Redlich–Kister equation for binary systems, and with the Cibulka equation for the ternary system, respectively.

Introduction

Alkyl vinyl ethers are increasingly produced as industrial solvents and chemical intermediates in the chemical or pharmaceutical industry. Their relatively high volatility causes significant emissions into the urban atmosphere. Consequently they are oxidized by OH– and NO3 radicals. In order to control the release of these compounds into the environment, physical property and phase equilibrium data are required. However, very few investigations were reported for alkyl vinyl ether compounds and there are no data for propyl vinyl ether (PVE) systems except our previous reports as far as we know [1], [2], [3].

In this work, we report the vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data at 323.15 K for the binary systems PVE (1) + 1-propanol (2), PVE (1) + benzene (2), 1-propanol (1) + benzene (2), and also for the ternary system PVE (1) + 1-propanol (2) + benzene (3) measured by using headspace gas chromatography (HSGC). Densities (ρ) and refractive indices (nD) at 298.15 K for the same binary and ternary systems were also measured by using a digital vibrating tube density meter and a precision digital refractometer. Excess molar volumes (VE) and deviations in molar refractivity (ΔR) were derived from measured densities and refractive indices. The experimental VLE data were correlated with five activity coefficient models: Margules [4], van Laar [5], Wilson [6], NRTL [7] and UNIQUAC [8]. The VE and ΔR data were correlated with the Redlich–Kister polynomial for binary data and the Cibulka equation for ternary data, respectively. The ternary mixture properties are not easily available in the literature, and as far as we know, there are no reported VLE data for the ternary system PVE + 1-propanol + benzene.

Section snippets

Materials

The chemicals used in this work were supplied from Sigma–Aldrich. They were dried using molecular sieves with a pore diameter of 0.4 nm. The purity of the chemicals was examined by gas chromatography and by comparing the density and refractive index with the literature values. The purity of all the chemicals used was better than 99.9 wt.% as determined by gas chromatographic analysis. The measured densities and refractive indices of the used chemicals are summarized in Table 1 with the literature

Results and discussion

In our VLE measurement method, the equilibrium pressure is calculated from the experimental vapor phase composition and thermodynamic equations [10]. The true liquid mole compositions can be calculated from the vapor phase equilibrium composition and mass balances. The experimental VLE compositions and calculated pressures for the binary systems PVE (1) + 1-propanol (2), PVE (1) + benzene (2) and 1-propanol (1) + benzene (2) at 323.15 K are listed in Table 2 and plotted in Fig. 1.

There is no azeotrope

Conclusions

Isothermal vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data at 323.15 K, excess molar volumes (VE) and changes of refractive index (ΔR) at 298.15 K were experimentally determined for each binary and ternary system composed of PVE, 1-propanol and benzene. The binary VLE of 1-propanol + benzene show a minimum boiling azeotrope. The binary and ternary VLE data were correlated well with common GE model equations. Meanwhile, only the system of PVE + 1-propanol shows negative deviations of VE from ideal behavior. ΔR of

References (21)

  • S.J. Park et al.

    Fluid Phase Equilib.

    (2001)
  • J. Canosa et al.

    J. Chem. Thermodyn.

    (2003)
  • I.C. Hwang et al.

    J. Chem. Eng. Data

    (2007)
  • I.C. Hwang et al.

    J. Chem. Eng. Data

    (2007)
  • I.C. Hwang et al.

    J. Chem. Eng. Data

    (2008)
  • H. Margules et al.

    Akad

    (1885)
  • J.J. Van Laar

    Z. Physik. Chem.

    (1910)
  • G.M. Wilson et al.

    Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam.

    (1962)
  • H. Renon et al.

    AIChE J.

    (1968)
  • D.S. Abrams et al.

    AIChE J.

    (1975)
There are more references available in the full text version of this article.
View full text