Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium for binary systems containing benzothiophene
Highlights
► Three isobaric VLE for systems containing benzothiophene were measured. ► Systems benzothiophene + dodecane and benzothiophene + 1-dodecene show azeotropic behavior. ► The experimental results were correlated with the Wilson model. ► All measured data sets passed the thermodynamic consistency tests.
Introduction
Benzothiophene is found as one of the organic sulfur compounds present in Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) products [1], [2]. The organic sulfur compounds should be removed to meet the standards of environmental legislation and ultra-low-sulfur fuel is required in many countries [3].
As a continuation of our sulfur component measurement project, in this work we have measured isobaric VLE for systems benzothiophene + dodecane at 99.6 kPa, benzothiophene + 1-dodecene at 100.1 kPa, and benzothiophene + 1-octanol at 100 kPa with a recirculation still. No other VLE of the binaries studied in this work has been found in the literature search.
Section snippets
Materials
Benzothiophene, dodecane, 1-dodecene, 1-octanol, were provided by Sigma–Aldrich, Finland. Benzothiophene was melted before used. The purity of all substances was checked by gas chromatography (GC) equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID). All chemicals were dried over molecular sieves (Merck 3 Å) for 24 h. The refractive indexes, nD, of the pure liquids were measured at 298.15 K with ABBEMAT-HP automatic refractometer (Dr. Kernchen, Germany) with accuracy ±0.00002. The purity and measured
Vapor pressure measurements
The vapor pressures of benzothiophene, dodecane, 1-dodecene, and 1-octanol measured in this work are shown in Fig. 1 and presented in Table 3. The Antoine parameters for were regressed from the vapor pressures measured in this work. These parameters with the recommended temperature range of the vapor pressure equations are presented in Table 2 including the absolute average deviation of pressure () between measured (Pi,exp) and values calculated with regressed parameters of the Antoine
Conclusions
Vapor pressures of benzothiophene, dodecane, 1-dodecene, and 1-octanol were measured and compared with the literature data. The agreement between vapor pressures measured in this work and found in the literature was good. Isobaric VLE data for the systems benzothiophene + dodecane at 99.6 kPa, benzothiophene + 1-dodecene at 100.1 kPa, and benzothiophene + 1-octanol at 100 kPa were measured with a recirculation still. All systems studied exhibit positive deviation from Raoult's law. A minimum temperature
Acknowledgement
The authors acknowledge Academy of Finland for the financial support.
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