Isobaric (vapour + liquid) equilibria for three binary systems (toluene + anisole, n-butylbenzene + anisole, and guaiacol + anisole) at 101.33 kPa
Introduction
With the growing demand of energy and environmental challenge, bio-oil, derived from fast pyrolysis of biomass, has been considered as an alternative to fossil oil [1], [2]. However, the complex composition and some undesired properties, including acidity, relatively high viscosity, limited thermal stability, low heating value, hinder the direct effective application of bio-oil [3], [4]. At present, some useful compounds from the pyrolysis oil can be extracted using separation and purification units, which provide a new available method for the utilization of pyrolysis oil [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. Anisole, one of the components in pyrolsis oil, was widely used as distillation solvent and reaction medium for many industrial processes due to its low volatility, high heating stability, selectivity and solubility. In order to separate and purify anisole from pyrolysis oil, the phase equilibrium data pertaining to anisole are of great significance for the success in design and simulation of the separation processes.
Some VLE or LLE data of binary or multi-component mixtures about anisole have been reported [10], [11], [12], [13], [14]. For example, the isobaric data or isothermal VLE data at or below atmospheric for the binary mixtures (methanol + anisole) [15], (ethyl-benzene + anisole) [16], (p-xylene + anisole) [16], (anisole + paraffins) [17], (acetonitrile + anisole)[18], have been reported. At the same time, Kirss et al. [19], [20] measured isobaric VLE data of the ternary systems (1-pentanol + nonane + anisole) and (methylbutyl ketone + 1-pentanol + anisole). Orge et al. [21], [22] obtained VLE data at 101.32 kPa for the ternary system (benzene + cyclohexane + anisole) and the quaternary system (cyclohexane + 1-pentanol + benzene + anisole). And Brown et al. [23] reported LLE data for binary mixtures of water with anisole in the temperature range of 370–550 K.
However, there is no phase equilibrium data for the three binary systems of anisole with toluene, n-butylbenzene and guaiacol in the existing literatures. In this paper, isobaric VLE data of (toluene + anisole), (n-butylbenzene + anisole), and (guaiacol + anisole) binary mixtures are measured at 101.33 kPa. All of the experimental VLE data were checked by the semi-empirical method proposed by Herington. The measured data were correlated by the non-random two-liquid (NRTL), universal quasi-chemical activity coefficient (UNIQUAC), and Wilson model, respectively. The corresponding model parameters together with the average absolute deviations of the experimental temperature and vapor compositions for the three binary mixtures were determined.
Section snippets
Materials
All the chemicals used in this study are listed in Table 1, including the suppliers and the purity levels. There is no further purification before all the chemicals were applied to experiment. The purities of all the chemicals have been confirmed by gas chromatography (GC) equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID). In addition, a modified Rose–Williams still was applied to determine the boiling points of pure substances, and the experimental data along with their literature values [24],
Experimental results
The experimental VLE data for all the binary systems are listed in Table 3. The isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data are illustrated graphically in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4. Azeotropic behavior did not appear in the three binary mixtures.
Thermodynamic consistency test
Herington area test method [27] was adopted to check the thermodynamic consistency for all isobaric binary VLE data. Herington defined two properties D and J.where, the values of “area+” and “area−” are from the ln (γ1/γ
Conclusion
In this work, isobaric VLE data at 101.33 kPa have been obtained experimentally for three binary mixtures (toluene + anisole, n-butylbenzene + anisole, and guaiacol + anisole) using a modified Rose–Williams still. Azeotropic phenomenon did not appear in the three binary systems. All of the measured VLE values passed the thermodynamic consistency tests by the semi-empirical method proposed by Herington. The activity coefficient models, the NRTL, the UNIQUAC, and the Wilson, were used for the
Acknowledgment
The authors sincerely acknowledge the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation (Project No. 13JCYBJC19300) for the financial support.
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