Solubility of N-Ethylcarbazole in different organic solvent at 279.15–319.15 K
Introduction
N-Ethylcarbazole (C14H13N, FW195.2597, CASRN:86-28-2, Fig. 1) is a kind of important organic synthetic intermediate which is used for synthesizing dyes such as Sulphur vat blue GNX and Permanent violet RL [1], [2]. Permanent violet RL is now recognized as the best purple pigment. It is widely used in plastics, coatings, printing, printing ink and leather coloring agent [3]. In addition, as one of the coal tar extractive, the price of N-Ethylcarbazole is keep rising with the rising price of coal tar. The physical and chemical properties of N-Ethylcarbazole increasingly attract so much attention and concern. The solubility of N-Ethylcarbazole in different solvents is important because they are guidelines for choosing the suitable solvent and are beneficial to the optimization of the crystallization process [4].
In this study, the solubility of N-Ethylcarbazole in methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol and petroleum ether was measured at the temperature range between 279.15 K and 319.15 K under atmospheric pressure by gravimetric method, the solubility data was fitted to the modified Apelblat equation and λh equation to obtain the empirical parameters [5].
Section snippets
Materials and apparatus
N-Ethylcarbazole (C14H13N, FW195.2597, CASRN:86-28-2, Fig. 1) with a mass fraction purity >97 was purchased from Aladdin Industrial Corporation. Its purity was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC type Agilent 1260 Infinity LC, Agilent Technologies) [6]. All solvents (Shanghai Shenbo Chemical Co., Ltd.) used for experiments were analytical reagent grade and their mass fraction purities were higher than 99. More details about the purity of solvents were listed in Table 1. All
Solubility data and correlation models
The saturated mole fraction solubility (x) and the calculated solubility values (xc) of N-Ethylcarbazole in methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol and petroleum ether over the temperature range of 279.15–319.15 K was presented in Table 2.
The influence of temperatures on the solubility of N-Ethylcarbazole has been represented by the following modified Apelblat model [10], [11]:where T represents the absolute temperature, A, B and C represent the
Conclusions
The solubility of N-Ethylcarbazole in methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol and petroleum ether was measured over the temperature range of 279.15–319.15 K. It could be seen from Table 2, Table 3, Table 4 and Fig. 2, the solubility in all the selected solvents increased with the increasing temperature.
According to the solubility of N-Ethylcarbazole in the studied solvents, the solubility in petroleum ether was the highest, whereas the lowest in methanol. The
Acknowledgements
This research work was financially supported by Key topics for State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (Grant No. ZK201304), the Doctoral fund project (Grant No. 20133221110010), the science and technology support program-part of agriculture (Grant No. BE2013442) and the Joint innovation and research funding-prospective joint research projects (Grant No. BY2013005-02).
References (20)
- et al.
Thermochim. Acta
(2012) - et al.
Thermochim. Acta
(2012) - et al.
J. Mol. Liq.
(2012) - et al.
Int. J. Pharm.
(1984) - et al.
J. Chem. Thermodyn.
(1999) - et al.
J. Chem. Thermodyn.
(2013) - et al.
Fluid Phase Equilib.
(2008) - et al.
Fluid Phase Equilib.
(2010) - et al.
Thermochim. Acta
(1991) - et al.
Fluid Phase Equilib.
(2012)
Cited by (13)
Thermodynamic study of three anhydrous polymorphs of D-mannitol in different binary solvent mixtures from T = (258.15 to 278.15) K
2020, Journal of Chemical ThermodynamicsThermodynamic models for determination of solid-liquid equilibrium of the 4-methylbenzoic acid in pure and binary organic solvents
2017, Journal of Molecular LiquidsCitation Excerpt :The regression curve parameters of modified Apelblat model are listed in Table 3. where x is the mole fraction solubility of 4-methylbenzoic acid, T is the experimental Kelvin temperature and Tm is the standard melting Kelvin temperature [13–15]. The parameters of λ and h are presented in Table 4.
Thermodynamic parameters on corresponding solid-liquid equilibrium of hydroxyapatite in pure and mixture organic solvents
2017, Journal of Molecular LiquidsThermodynamic models for determination of solid–liquid equilibrium of the 6-benzyladenine in pure and binary organic solvents
2017, Journal of Chemical ThermodynamicsDetermination and correlation thermodynamic models for solid–liquid equilibrium of the Nifedipine in pure and mixture organic solvents
2016, Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics