Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium for the three binary systems of C14–C16 n-alkane + methyl myristate at 5.00 kPa
Introduction
Since the traditional fossil energy resources dry up day by day and the environmental concerns are worsening, it is very eager to take immediate action for a sustainable future [1], [2]. Biodiesel, produced from transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats, is fatty acid ester mixtures and presents the promising alternative substitute to fossil energy due to its renewable and low-emission characters [3], [4]. However, the long-term engine tests using biodiesel as fuels showed ignition delay and higher carbon built up, which suggested that biodiesel is not suitable well to use directly in the existing diesel engines. Fortunately, biodiesel is miscible with fossil-based diesel in any proportion and the blended fuel of biodiesel with diesel exhibits the excellent combustion performance and prevents the engine failure [5].
During the exploitation, transport, and storage of diesel/biodiesel blended fuel, the vapor–liquid equilibrium data of mixtures involving in fatty acid methyl ester (biodiesel) and alkane (diesel) are very essential to accurately understand the boiling point and volatility of the blended fuel [6]. Some VLE data for the mixtures containing fatty acid methyl ester and alkane have been reported in the published paper. Luo et al. [7] determined the VLE data for four binary systems of C11–C14 n-alkane + methyl dodecanoate at sub-atmospheric pressure. Schwarz el at. [8] reported the phase equilibrium data for the binary mixtures (propane + methyl decanoate) and (propane + methyl docosanoate) at high pressure. A survey of literatures showed that there was no published work on the VLE data for the binary mixtures of (alkane + methyl myristate).
In this work, the vapor–liquid equilibrium data for the three binary systems of C14–C16 n-alkane + methyl myristate were determined at 5.00 kPa by a Rose still. The measured VLE data were verified with the van Ness method to check thermodynamic consistency. Furthermore, the non-random two-liquid (NRTL), universal quasi-chemical activity coefficient (UNIQUAC), and Wilson model were applied to regress the measured data and the corresponding parameters were obtained.
Section snippets
Materials
All the reagents used in this study were obtained from J&K Scientific, China. Table 1 presented the information of the four chemicals, including the suppliers, the purity and CAS#. All chemicals were used without further purification. The purities of all the components have been confirmed by GC-FID.
Apparatus and procedure
A modified Rose still was used to determine the experimental VLE data and the detailed procedures were described in our reported literatures [9], [10]. In order to obtain the phase equilibrium
Experimental results
The experimental VLE data and the phase diagram (T–x–y) for all the binary systems are shown in Table 2 and Fig. 1, respectively. The experimental results indicated that azeotropic behavior did not appear in the three binary mixtures.
The activity coefficients γi were calculated by the following Relation (1):where presents the fugacity coefficient of component i in the vapor phase, presents the pure component fugacity coefficient at the saturated
Conclusion
The phase equilibrium data containing the mono-alkyl esters of fatty acid (biodiesel) and alkane (diesel) are very essential physicochemical properties for the exploitation, transport, and storage of biodiesel/diesel blended fuel. Then, new isobaric VLE data have been measured for the three binary mixtures (n-tetradecane + methyl myristate), (n-pentadecane + methyl myristate) and (n-hexadecane + methyl myristate) at 5.00 kPa. There was no azeotropic point to be found in the three binary systems. The
Acknowledgements
The authors sincerely acknowledge the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation (13JCYBJC19300) and the National Basic Research (973) special preliminary study program (2014CB260408) for the financial support.
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