Speed of sound, density and derivative properties of diisopropyl ether under high pressure
Introduction
Nowadays, industrial applications require environmentally friendly fluids to develop all the processes involving cleaning, refrigeration, solvent extraction, e.g. Ethers play an important role in solvents industry due to its stability, high volatility, and solubility similar to that of the alcohols. Ethers in general are of very low chemical reactivity, and exhibit relatively low boiling points due to they are unable to form hydrogen bonds. Dialkyl ethers as dimethyl ether and diethyl ether are used as solvents while ethyl ether is used too as solvent and as a starter fuel for diesel engines [1]. Tertiary alkyl ethers, as tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), are being widely used as oxygenate gasoline additives due to its ability to increase the octane number and to raise the oxygen content in gasoline, offering sometimes equal or greater benefits than other commonly used additives such as ethanol.
The use of some of these ethers, as is the case of MTBE, has generated controversy because of its contamination of groundwater [2] and soils, and also due to its toxicity, which have led to search for other substitutes. While ETBE and TAME are still being used due to its favorable environmental properties, diisopropyl ether (DIPE), a dialkyl ether, was introduced as an oxygenate additive for gasolines due to its non-polluting profile [3], and also due to its physical properties, such as the relatively high boiling point [4]. Diisopropyl ether is a secondary ether obtained as a by-product in the production of 2-propanol but a great advantage is that it can be simply produced from the base olefin, propylene and water [5]. Diisopropyl ether has a favorable blending Reid vapor pressure and low solubility in water compared with other ethers, being a good choice as oxygenate gasoline additive. Other uses of diisopropyl ether include solvent for paints, waxes and resins, as solvent in the recovery of phenol in the plastics industry, an extraction agent in metallurgy as it can extract gold from a nitric acid solution. Diisopropyl ether can also be used as solvent in gas chromatography (GC) and in liquid chromatography (LC) analysis.
As diisopropyl ether is a very useful compound in the industry, the availability of reliable scientific data concerning its physical properties as well as its acoustic properties is needed to well develop all the processes involved in the utilization of this compound. High pressure speed of sound measurements in the ranges (0.1–100) MPa for the pressure and (293.15–353.15) K for the temperature have been carried out, broadening the speed of sound data ranges published previously in the literature [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13]. High pressure density measurements in the ranges (0.1–140) MPa for the pressure and (293.15–393.15) K for the temperature in liquid diisopropyl ether were carried out and compared with the literature data available [4], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21]. An evaluation of the volume and its derivatives has been conducted from an equation of state that represents both the density and the speed of sound.
Section snippets
Materials
Diisopropyl ether, also known as 2,4-dimethyl-3-oxapentane (C6H14O, molar mass: 102.17 g·mol−1, CAS No. 108-20-3), was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich with a mole fraction purity greater than 0.995 certified by gas chromatography by the supplier. The liquid was stored over molecular sieves type 0.4 to avoid any moisture and was used without any further purification except careful degassing before use.
Speed of sound measurement
High pressure speed of sound data were determined experimentally with a previously described
Results and discussion
High pressure speed of sound measurements in liquid diisopropyl ether were carried out in the temperature interval (293.15–353.15) K along seven isotherms separated by 10 K for pressures ranging from (0.1–100) MPa every 20 MPa. Due to the low boiling temperature of diisopropyl ether under atmospheric pressure (341.66 K) [32], no measurements were done at 343.15 K and at 353.15 K at atmospheric pressure, avoiding the vapor phase and ensuring all the measurements were done in liquid state. The
Conclusions
As already stated, reliable data of thermophysical properties of solvents, as is the case of diisopropyl ether, is needed to well design the processes in which it is used. This works reports a complete set of experimental high pressure speed of sound data, in the temperature interval from (293.15–353.15) K and in the pressure range (0.1–100) MPa, and high pressure density data for diisopropyl ether in the temperature range from (293.15–393.15) K and in the pressure range from (0.1–140) MPa.
Acknowledgements
Natalia Muñoz-Rujas acknowledges support for this research to the University of Burgos, for the funding of her doctoral grant, and to the University of Pau for the funding of a five months research period in 2015.
This paper is part of the doctoral thesis of Natalia Muñoz-Rujas.
References (40)
- et al.
Chemosphere
(2008) - et al.
J. Chem. Thermodyn.
(2015) - et al.
Catal. Today
(1999) - et al.
Fluid Phase Equilibria
(2000) - et al.
Thermochim. Acta
(2011) - et al.
J. Chem. Thermodyn.
(2017) - et al.
Fluid Phase Equilibria
(2016) - et al.
J. Chem. Thermodyn.
(2017) - et al.
J. Chem. Thermodyn.
(1998) - et al.
J. Chem. Thermodyn.
(1991)
J. Chem. Thermodyn.
Industrial Solvents Handbook
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH
Thermochim. Acta
Phys. Chem. Liqs
Indian. J. Phys.
J. Ind. Eng. Chem.
J. Chem. Eng. Data
J. Phys. Chem.
J. Chem. Eng. Data
Cited by (10)
General models for prediction densities and viscosities of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid esters
2021, Journal of Molecular LiquidsCitation Excerpt :Furthermore, the density difference of FAEEs is observed to decrease first and then increase as the temperature rises at atmospheric pressure. In order to obtain a general correlation of the densities for FAMEs and FAEEs, a density database including the FAMEs (C6:0-C24:0, C16:1-C22:1) [12–14,18,21,54,56–64] and FAEEs (C6:0-C20:0, C18:1-C18:3) [14,18,21–22,53–54,57,59,65–66] was built. The temperature range of the database is 270–573 K while the pressure range is 0.1–129.8 MPa.
Exploration of molecular interaction in binary liquid mixtures of dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether with methyl acetoacetate and ethyl acetoacetate at different temperatures using physicochemical approach
2020, Journal of Chemical ThermodynamicsCitation Excerpt :Esters are the most known and famed in food industries because of their diverse odour and flavours [14]. The study of the non-aqueous liquids and their mixtures containing esters has been attracted considerable interest of researchers [15–29]. Numerous works has been obtained in literature for the volumetric and acoustic studies of esters with different liquids like alcohols [21–25] alkoxypropanols [14,30–31], N-methylaceatamide [32], and N, N-dimethylacetamide [33].
The effects of diisopropyl ether on combustion, performance, emissions and operating range in a HCCI engine
2020, FuelCitation Excerpt :Diisopropyl ether and dialkyl ether can also be used as oxygenate additive for higher octane number. Hence, diisopropyl ether can be considered as potential alternative fuel with high boiling and octane number in HCCI combustion in order to reduce knocking tendency and extend operating limits [22,37–51]. So, combustion behaviour of diisopropyl ether should be investigated in a detail on HCCI combustion.
Density, viscosity, and speed of sound of binary liquid mixtures of vinyl acetate with butyl vinyl ether, diisopropyl ether, anisole and dibutyl ether
2019, Journal of Chemical ThermodynamicsCitation Excerpt :The purity of chemicals was further confirmed by comparing the densities, viscosities and speeds of sound with those reported in the literature. Comparison of experimental values for density (ρ), viscosity (η) and speed of sound (u) of pure compounds, with available literature data [5–8,16–40] at (303.15,308.15,313.15)K and ambient pressures are listed in Table 2. The comparison of the density, viscosity and speeds of sound values of this work with those in literature is also shown in Figs 1–3 respectively.
Speed of sound, density and derivative properties of binary mixtures HFE-7500 + Diisopropyl ether under high pressure
2019, Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics