Speed of sound, density and derivative properties of diisopropyl ether under high pressure

doi:10.1016/j.fluid.2017.06.024

Fluid Phase Equilibria

Volume 449, 15 October 2017, Pages 148-155

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2017.06.024 Get rights and content

Highlights

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New speed of sound data for Diisopropyl Ether are reported.
•
The pressure and temperature intervals are 0.1–100 MPa and 293.15–353.15 K.
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Density data have been calculated by integration of speed of sound data.
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A correlation was proposed to represent density data.
•
Isothermal compressibility are reported.

Abstract

Accurate knowledge of physical and acoustical properties is of importance in many fields of science and engineering. In this work, density and speed of sound measurements of diisopropyl ether (DIPE) are reported. The speed of sound has been measured up to 100 MPa and in the temperature range (293.15–353.15) K by using an apparatus based on a pulse echo technique working in transmission mode, and a correlation for this property was proposed. By using a procedure which rests on the Newton-Laplace relationships, density and its derivatives were determined. To show the reliability of this method, high pressure density measurements were carried out up to 140 MPa and within the temperature interval (293.15–393.15) K with an Anton Paar densitometer.

Introduction

Nowadays, industrial applications require environmentally friendly fluids to develop all the processes involving cleaning, refrigeration, solvent extraction, e.g. Ethers play an important role in solvents industry due to its stability, high volatility, and solubility similar to that of the alcohols. Ethers in general are of very low chemical reactivity, and exhibit relatively low boiling points due to they are unable to form hydrogen bonds. Dialkyl ethers as dimethyl ether and diethyl ether are used as solvents while ethyl ether is used too as solvent and as a starter fuel for diesel engines [1]. Tertiary alkyl ethers, as tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), are being widely used as oxygenate gasoline additives due to its ability to increase the octane number and to raise the oxygen content in gasoline, offering sometimes equal or greater benefits than other commonly used additives such as ethanol.

The use of some of these ethers, as is the case of MTBE, has generated controversy because of its contamination of groundwater [2] and soils, and also due to its toxicity, which have led to search for other substitutes. While ETBE and TAME are still being used due to its favorable environmental properties, diisopropyl ether (DIPE), a dialkyl ether, was introduced as an oxygenate additive for gasolines due to its non-polluting profile [3], and also due to its physical properties, such as the relatively high boiling point [4]. Diisopropyl ether is a secondary ether obtained as a by-product in the production of 2-propanol but a great advantage is that it can be simply produced from the base olefin, propylene and water [5]. Diisopropyl ether has a favorable blending Reid vapor pressure and low solubility in water compared with other ethers, being a good choice as oxygenate gasoline additive. Other uses of diisopropyl ether include solvent for paints, waxes and resins, as solvent in the recovery of phenol in the plastics industry, an extraction agent in metallurgy as it can extract gold from a nitric acid solution. Diisopropyl ether can also be used as solvent in gas chromatography (GC) and in liquid chromatography (LC) analysis.

As diisopropyl ether is a very useful compound in the industry, the availability of reliable scientific data concerning its physical properties as well as its acoustic properties is needed to well develop all the processes involved in the utilization of this compound. High pressure speed of sound measurements in the ranges (0.1–100) MPa for the pressure and (293.15–353.15) K for the temperature have been carried out, broadening the speed of sound data ranges published previously in the literature [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13]. High pressure density measurements in the ranges (0.1–140) MPa for the pressure and (293.15–393.15) K for the temperature in liquid diisopropyl ether were carried out and compared with the literature data available [4], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21]. An evaluation of the volume and its derivatives has been conducted from an equation of state that represents both the density and the speed of sound.

Section snippets

Materials

Diisopropyl ether, also known as 2,4-dimethyl-3-oxapentane (C₆H₁₄O, molar mass: 102.17 g·mol⁻¹, CAS No. 108-20-3), was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich with a mole fraction purity greater than 0.995 certified by gas chromatography by the supplier. The liquid was stored over molecular sieves type 0.4 to avoid any moisture and was used without any further purification except careful degassing before use.

Speed of sound measurement

High pressure speed of sound data were determined experimentally with a previously described

Results and discussion

High pressure speed of sound measurements in liquid diisopropyl ether were carried out in the temperature interval (293.15–353.15) K along seven isotherms separated by 10 K for pressures ranging from (0.1–100) MPa every 20 MPa. Due to the low boiling temperature of diisopropyl ether under atmospheric pressure (341.66 K) [32], no measurements were done at 343.15 K and at 353.15 K at atmospheric pressure, avoiding the vapor phase and ensuring all the measurements were done in liquid state. The

Conclusions

As already stated, reliable data of thermophysical properties of solvents, as is the case of diisopropyl ether, is needed to well design the processes in which it is used. This works reports a complete set of experimental high pressure speed of sound data, in the temperature interval from (293.15–353.15) K and in the pressure range (0.1–100) MPa, and high pressure density data for diisopropyl ether in the temperature range from (293.15–393.15) K and in the pressure range from (0.1–140) MPa.

Acknowledgements

Natalia Muñoz-Rujas acknowledges support for this research to the University of Burgos, for the funding of her doctoral grant, and to the University of Pau for the funding of a five months research period in 2015.

This paper is part of the doctoral thesis of Natalia Muñoz-Rujas.

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The effects of diisopropyl ether on combustion, performance, emissions and operating range in a HCCI engine
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View full text

Speed of sound, density and derivative properties of diisopropyl ether under high pressure

Highlights

Abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Materials

Speed of sound measurement

Results and discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

Chemosphere

J. Chem. Thermodyn.

Catal. Today

Fluid Phase Equilibria

Thermochim. Acta

J. Chem. Thermodyn.

Fluid Phase Equilibria

J. Chem. Thermodyn.

J. Chem. Thermodyn.

J. Chem. Thermodyn.

J. Chem. Thermodyn.

Industrial Solvents Handbook

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH

Thermochim. Acta

Phys. Chem. Liqs

Indian. J. Phys.

J. Ind. Eng. Chem.

J. Chem. Eng. Data

J. Phys. Chem.

J. Chem. Eng. Data