ViewpointWhat have we learned from mathematical models of defibrillation and postshock arrhythmogenesis? Application of bidomain simulations
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In silico trials: Verification, validation and uncertainty quantification of predictive models used in the regulatory evaluation of biomedical products
2021, MethodsCitation Excerpt :Current human cardiac electrophysiology models integrate detailed information on the dynamic processes underlying cardiac electrical excitation from subcellular to whole organ levels [14]. Utilizing these frameworks, modelling and simulation studies have played a central role in the discovery of cardiac arrhythmia mechanisms [15,16] and treatments such as electrical defibrillation [17]. Building on a high level of model maturity, in 2013 the Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) initiative was proposed as a new strategy for the assessment of the pro-arrhythmic risk of pharmaceutical compounds for regulatory purposes, and was sponsored by the FDA, the Cardiac Safety Research Consortium (CSRC), and the Health and Environmental Science Institute (HESI).
Rabbit-specific computational modelling of ventricular cell electrophysiology: Using populations of models to explore variability in the response to ischemia
2016, Progress in Biophysics and Molecular BiologyCitation Excerpt :Computational modelling is an increasingly powerful tool, especially when combined with experimental investigations, for the understanding of complex cardiac electrophysiological behaviour (Carusi et al., 2012; Fink et al., 2011; Noble and Rudy, 2001; Quinn and Kohl, 2013; Roberts et al., 2012; Trayanova, 2011). As with any model (whether it be computational, experimental, or conceptual), computational models of cardiac electrophysiology represent current collective understanding and are designed for specific applications (Bers and Grandi, 2011; Clancy et al., 2016; Noble, 2011; Quinn and Kohl, 2011; Trayanova et al., 2006; Vigmond and Stuyvers, 2016; Winslow et al., 2012). While models exist for a variety of species, rabbit-specific models are a prevalent small animal model, as rabbit cardiac electrophysiology is generally more similar to human than that of small rodents (Bers, 2002; Nattel et al., 2008; Nerbonne, 2000).
Bidomain simulations of defibrillation: 20 years of progress
2013, Heart RhythmDiastolic field stimulation: The role of shock duration in epicardial activation and propagation
2013, Biophysical JournalCitation Excerpt :In this context, the time of propagation through these areas is critical for defibrillation shock outcome. If this time is long enough for adjacent tissue to recover, the reentrant electrical activity can revive (44). In conditions where virtual electrode-induced hyperpolarization affects tissue with lower Vm, the hyperpolarization could cause a delay in excitation and thereby hamper the success of the defibrillation.
Cardiac bidomain bath-loading effects during arrhythmias: Interaction with anatomical heterogeneity
2011, Biophysical JournalCitation Excerpt :So far, however, despite the potential importance of bath-loading effects, virtually all simulation-based studies of cardiac electrical activity during propagation and investigations into cardiac arrhythmia mechanisms (9–11,13,14) have fully ignored the impact of bath loading upon locally altered CV and concomitant wavefront curvature. Using the bidomain model imposes significant computational demands compared to the monodomain model (15), limiting it almost exclusively to studies of defibrillation and shock-induced arrhythmogenesis, in which an extracellular bath is essential for external shock application (4,16). As monodomain approaches are typically ∼10 times faster than bidomain approaches (15), they are widely preferred when activity is simulated for longer durations (>1 s).
Modeling and simulation of preclinical cardiac safety: Towards an integrative framework
2009, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics