Research ReportSTin2 VNTR polymorphism is associated with comorbid tobacco use and mood disorders
Section snippets
Background
Many studies have reported on the comorbidity between mood disorders and tobacco use disorder (TUD) (Patton et al., 1998, Lasser et al., 2000, Glassman et al., 2001, Murphy et al., 2003, Klungsøyr et al., 2006, Ziedonis et al., 2008, Pasco et al., 2008, Berlin et al., 2009, Pedersen and von Soest, 2009, Boden et al., 2010, Flensborg-Madsen et al., 2011, Jamal et al., 2012, Goodwin et al., 2013). Estimates of the prevalence rate of current TUD among individuals with major depressive disorder and
Study population
In this cross-sectional, case-control study, we included participants recruited from the outpatient Centre of Approach and Treatment for Smokers and from staff at Londrina State University (UEL), Paraná, Brazil. This is a re-analysis of previously published data presenting the STin2 VNTR polymorphism in TUD in relation to nicotine dependence characteristics (Pizzo de Castro et al., 2014). The actual study re-analyzes the data with respect to the comorbidity TUD and mood disorders. All
Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics
Table 1 shows the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the 4 study groups, i.e. 1) never-smokers without mood disorders (the controls); 2) never-smokers with mood disorders; 3) TUD subjects without mood disorder; 4) patients with comorbid mood disorders and TUD. Without p-correction, there were marginal but significant differences in age between the groups: group 3 patients were older than controls (Tukey test: p=0.003). There were significantly more females in the mood disorder
Discussion
The current study demonstrates that patients with TUD and comorbid depression or bipolar disorder show a significant increased frequency of the STin.12 allele and a lowered frequency of the STin2.10/10 genotype. These findings suggest that the STin2.12 allele increases risk to TUD with either depression or bipolar disorder, whereas the STin2.10/10 genotype shows a protective effect. Contrary to expectation, there were no significant changes in the frequencies of the STin2 alleles and genotypes
Role of funding source
This study was supported by Health Sciences Postgraduate Program at Londrina State University, Paraná, Brazil (UEL) and Fundação Araucária. MB is supported by a NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship 1059660. MM is supported by a CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Technologia) (Grant no. 404877/2013-3) PVE fellowship at the Health Sciences Graduate Program, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil (UEL) (Grant no. 40002012046P0).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank the Centre of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, and Clinical Immunology section of Clinical Analysis Laboratory of University Hospital of Londrina State University, Paraná, Brazil (UEL).
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2018, Journal of Affective DisordersCitation Excerpt :Compared with non-anxious smokers, anxious smokers had a greater risk for mood disorders, lung disease, and suicide attempts (Vargas Nunes et al., 2014). A later study was in accordance with previous ones showing that the Tin2.10/10 genotype or STin2.12 allele, the glutathione-S-transferases Mu 1 and Theta 1 genotypes and lowered paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity are associated with comorbid mood disorders and Tobacco Use Disorder (Vargas Nunes et al., 2015; Pizzo de Castro et al., 2015). Additionally, we identified one study in the literature carried out to elucidate the association between plasma PON1 activity and functional PON1 Q192R genotypes in MDD and BD (Bortolasci et al., 2014).
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2018, Comprehensive PsychiatryCitation Excerpt :Taken together, our data corroborate previous case-control studies that also found links between OCD and STin2. In fact, the long STin2.12 allele has been previously associated with personality traits, such as reward dependence, cooperation, harm avoidance, self-directedness, and self-transcendence [61], schizophrenia [62], bipolar disorder [63], psychosis [64], comorbid tobacco use in mood disorders [65,66], and anxiety disorders [including OCD] [18,44,45]. Therefore, if anything, it seems that STin2.12 allele increases the risk for a number of psychiatric disorders, including OCD.
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2017, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological PsychiatryCitation Excerpt :The STin2VNTR has been associated with mood disorders and TUD (Pizzo de Castro et al., 2015). The STin2.12 allele was described as positively associated with the co-occurrence of TUD and DD and BD while the STin2.10/10 genotype was described as negatively associated with it (Pizzo de Castro et al., 2015). Fig. 2 shows the complex inter-relationships of MetS with BD/MDD and IO&NS pathways.
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