Original articleAdolescent Predictors of Young Adult Cyberbullying Perpetration and Victimization Among Australian Youth
Section snippets
Predictors of cyberbullying perpetration and victimization
In the current article, the predictors of young adult cyberbullying perpetration and victimization are referred to as prospective “risk” or “protective” factors. A risk factor increases the likelihood of a person developing poor outcomes or problematic behaviors such as bullying [11]. Protective factors both directly decrease the likelihood of antisocial behavior [12] and mediate or moderate the influence of risk factors [13]. Bronfenbrenner [14] ecological systems theory emphasizes the
Participants
The sample for this study comprised Victorian students from the International Youth Development Study (IYDS), a longitudinal study of antisocial and prosocial behaviors among adolescents in Victoria, Australia, and Washington State, United States. The original sampling and recruitment for the IYDS has been described elsewhere [34]. Briefly, the IYDS used a two-stage cluster sampling approach: (1) random selection of public and private schools stratified according to geographic location, using a
Sample characteristics
In Grade 9, 809 (87.3%) completed the survey with another 60 (6.5%) contacted and 58 (6.3%) lost to follow-up. In young adulthood, 804 (86.7%) completed the survey with a further 73 (7.9%) contacted and 50 (5.4%) lost to follow-up. Attrition analyses revealed that students who no longer remained in the study in 2010 reported higher scores on academic failure, low school commitment, and association with antisocial friends than students remaining in the study in 2010. In general, the results in
Discussion
The present study examined the adolescent predictors (age, 14–15 years) of young adult (age, 18–19 years) cyberbullying perpetration and victimization. Results showed that the predictors of cyberbullying perpetration in young adulthood were Grade 9 traditional bullying perpetration, traditional bullying perpetration and victimization, and poor family management. For cyberbullying victimization, one adolescent predictor was found, emotion control. The predictors of the cyberbullying perpetration
Acknowledgments
The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute on Drug Abuse or the National Institute of Health. The authors wish to express their appreciation and thanks to project staff and participants for their valuable contribution to the project.
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