(P, Vm, T) Measurements of (toluene + propiophenone) at temperatures from 298.15 K to 328.15 K and at pressures up to 40 MPa

doi:10.1016/j.jct.2004.10.011

The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics

Volume 37, Issue 7, July 2005, Pages 658-666

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2004.10.011 Get rights and content

Abstract

Densities were measured for the liquid toluene and propiophenone, and for nine of their mixtures at four temperatures between 298.15 K and 328.15 K and at pressures up to 40 MPa. An apparatus for density measurements of liquids and liquid mixtures whose main part is a high-pressure vibrating-tube densimeter working in a static mode was used for the measurement. The density data were fitted to the Tait equation and the isothermal compressibilities were calculated with the aid of this equation. Excess molar volumes were also computed from the densities and fitted to the Redlich–Kister equation.

Introduction

Research activities of our laboratory comprise, among others, the systematic measurement of volumetric properties of different groups of organic compounds. Our current project is devoted to the study of liquid systems containing aromatic hydrocarbons with respect to their environmental importance. As a first step, the temperature dependence of densities ρ and excess molar volumes $V_{m}^{E}$ for binary liquid mixtures containing benzene and C₃-alkyl derivatives of benzene were measured [1] by a vibrating-tube densimeter between T = 298.15 and T = 328.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. Subsequently the (P, V_m, T) measurements of (benzene + 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene) at temperatures from 298.15 K to 328.15 K and at pressures up to 40 MPa [2] and of acetophenone with four aromatic hydrocarbons at two temperatures and atmospheric pressure [3] were carried out.

To our knowledge, there exist no volumetric data for the liquid phase of the system toluene + propiophenone at elevated pressures. Therefore we have measured densities and calculated isothermal compressibilities and excess volumes of the system. The apparatus based on a high-pressure vibrating-tube densimeter working in a static mode [4] and designed for measuring the (p, V_m, T) behaviour of pure liquids and liquid mixtures at elevated temperatures (283 K to 333 K) and moderately high pressures (to 40 MPa) was used for the measurements. The measurements were carried out at the temperatures 298.15 K, 308.15 K, 318.15 K, and 328.15 K and in the pressure range 0.1 MPa to 40 MPa.

The densities and excess volumes of the investigated liquids and their mixtures are required, for instance, for relating excess enthalpy and excess Gibbs energy values. From a practical point of view, the data are useful for the design of mixing, storage, and process equipment. Last but not least, the data measured reflect interactions between the molecules of the mixtures studied and can serve for testing the theories of the liquid state.

Section snippets

Materials

The toluene (Fluka CHROMASOLV, g.c. mass fraction > 0.999) and propiophenone (Fluka, purum, g.c. mass fraction ⩾0.99) were used without further purification. Toluene was dried and stored over 0.4 nm molecular sieves. In order to check the purity of the compounds, their densities and refractive indices were determined at T = 298.15 K and compared with literature values [5], [6], [7]. The agreement was found, in general, to be good (table 1). The purity of the chemicals was checked by gas

Densities

The results of the density measurements are given in table 2. Densities of the pure substances and of 9 weighed mixtures were measured at 23 pressures over the range 0.1 MPa to nearly 40 MPa.

The isothermal densities of pure substances and their mixtures at a given composition were fitted to the Tait equation $(ρ - ρ_{0}) / ρ = C \ln [(D + p) / (D + p_{0})],$ where ρ₀ is the density at a reference pressure p₀ (p₀ = 0.101325 MPa in this work). The values of ρ₀ were those obtained by measuring the liquid samples with a

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the partial support of the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic. The work has been carried out under Grant No. 203/02/1098.

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In the present work, the density and viscosity of binary mixtures of propiophenone (PP) + 2-propanol, PP + 2-butanol, PP + 2-pentanol, or PP + 2-hehanol were measured over all composition range and in the temperature range of 293.15 to 323.15 K at ambient pressure (0.1 MPa). Using the experimental data of density and viscosity, the excess molar volume and viscosity deviation were calculated and correlated by applying the Redlich-Kister equation. The results show that the excess molar volume of all mixtures is negative over the entire composition range at all temperatures and become more negative with increasing temperature. Also, the viscosity deviation of all mixtures is negative over the whole composition range at all temperatures and become less negative with increasing temperature. The excess molar volumes of mixtures were correlated by using Prigogine-Flory-Patterson (PFP) theory and the agreement between the calculated values with experimental data is good.
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Citation Excerpt :
The toluene density data were measured from T = (293.15 to 398.15) K and pressure up to 140 MPa, except at 393.15 K and at 0.1 MPa because its boiling point is 384 K. Comparison between our toluene density data ρexp and those obtained from the literature ρlit [6–8] has been performed. Relative deviations at pressure up 140 MPa, expressed as 100 · (ρexp − ρlit)/ρexp are shown in figure 2.
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(P, Vm, T) Measurements of (toluene + propiophenone) at temperatures from 298.15 K to 328.15 K and at pressures up to 40 MPa

Abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Materials

Densities

Acknowledgements

J. Chem. Thermodyn.

Fluid Phase Equilib.

J. Chem. Thermodyn.

J. Chem. Thermodyn.

J. Chem. Thermodyn.

(P, V_m, T) Measurements of (toluene + propiophenone) at temperatures from 298.15 K to 328.15 K and at pressures up to 40 MPa