Dynamic viscosities of the ternary liquid mixtures (dimethyl carbonate + methanol + ethanol) and (dimethyl carbonate + methanol + hexane) at several temperatures
Introduction
Dimethyl carbonate is a nonirritating and nontoxic chemical that can be used as a fuel additive since recent research shows the performance of the engine is more consistent with dimethyl carbonate addition. In this case, carbon dioxide and smoke decrease while there is an increase in the carbonate addition. On the other hand, NOx does not increase if dimethyl carbonate increases [1]. Taking into account this fact, the use of dimethyl carbonate could become more popular so the knowledge of thermophysical property data are necessary.
The current study focuses on the dynamic viscosities of the ternary mixtures {dimethyl carbonate (DMC) + methanol + ethanol} and (DMC + methanol + hexane) at T = (293.15, 298.15, 303.15, and 313.15) K. This study is important because the viscosity of liquid mixtures provide information that is often required to solve chemical engineering problems related to heat transfer, mass transfer, and fluid flow.
In order to determine the dynamic viscosities, of the ternary mixtures, the experimental values of density were measured at T = (293.15, 298.15, 303.15, and 313.15) K for the binary mixtures (DMC + methanol), (DMC + ethanol), (DMC + hexane), (methanol + hexane), and (methanol + ethanol) and the ternary mixtures (DMC + methanol + ethanol) and (DMC + methanol + hexane) at the same temperatures. Excess molar volumes and viscosity deviations of the binary mixtures were correlated using the Redlich–Kister [2] equation and the fitting parameters are listed. These binary coefficients will be used in the Cibulka [3] equation to correlate the ternary derived data. The ternary parameters and their corresponding standard deviations are shown.
Predictive values of dynamic viscosities of the ternary liquid mixtures at several temperatures were evaluated by applying the UNIFAC-VISCO [4] group contribution method, requiring only pure component data and their interaction parameters. Our own interaction parameters (OCOO–CHx) and (OCOO–OH) [5], [6] were used in the predictive method. These coefficients were calculated from our dynamic viscosity data of binary mixtures and applied, in this work, to test their reliability in the ternary mixtures involving these interactions. The interaction parameter (CHx–OH) was obtained from the literature [7].
Section snippets
Experimental
The DMC (⩾99 mass%, Fluka), methanol (⩾99.8 mass%, Merck), ethanol (⩾99.9 mass%, Merck), and hexane (⩾99.5 mass%, Merck) were degassed ultrasonically, and dried over molecular sieves type 0.3 nm and 0.4 nm (supplied by Aldrich). After this treatment the water contents of the liquids was determined using a Metrohm coulometer, Model 737 KF, showing 3 · 10−2 for methanol, 10−1 for ethanol, and 5 · 10−2 for hexane mass per cent and inappreciable quantities for carbonates. Chromatographic test of the
Results and discussion
The experimental densities, speeds of sound and dynamic viscosities of the binary mixtures (methanol + hexane), and (methanol + ethanol) were measured at T = (293.15, 298.15, 303.15, and 313.15) K. In previous papers [16], [17], the densities of the binary mixtures (DMC + methanol), (DMC + ethanol), and (DMC + hexane) have been determined experimentally at the studied temperatures.
Excess molar volumes, deviations in isentropic compressibility and viscosity deviations were evaluated by the following
References (18)
- et al.
Fluid Phase Equilibr.
(2004) - et al.
J. Chem. Eng. Sci.
(1994) - et al.
Fluid Phase Equilibr.
(2004) - et al.
Fluid Phase Equilibr.
(2003) - et al.
Ind. Eng. Chem.
(1948) Coll. Czech. Commun.
(1982)- et al.
J. Chem. Eng. Data
(2003) - et al.
J. Chem. Eng. Data
(2004) - et al.
J. Chem. Eng. Data
(1998)