Densities, speeds of sound, and refractive indices of the ternary mixtures (toluene + methyl acetate + butyl acetate) and (toluene + methyl acetate + methyl heptanoate) at 298.15 K
Introduction
This paper is part of a thermodynamic study of lineal esters with aromatics hydrocarbons that were done in ours laboratories. In this work, the densities, speeds of sound, and refractive indices of ternary mixtures (toluene + methyl acetate + butyl acetate) and (toluene + methyl acetate + methyl heptanoate) at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure have been measured. The thermodynamics of ternary mixtures of non-electrolytes has not received as much attention as the thermodynamics of binary mixtures. It is therefore interesting to estimate excess properties with more than two components.
The experimental values of physical properties were used to calculate excess molar volumes, isentropic compressibilities, isentropic compressibility deviations, and changes of refractive index on mixing over the entire mole fraction range for the ternary mixtures. The binary contribution calculated from the Redlich and Kister [1] equation, was used to correlate the experimental ternary results with the Cibulka [2], Singh et al. [3], and Nagata and Sakura [4] equations. The standard deviations between experimental and calculated values are shown.
Assuming that interactions in a ternary mixture are closely dependent on the interactions in binary systems, we consider the application of geometrical solutions models, Tsao and Smith [5], Kohler [6], Jacob and Fitzner [7], and Rastogi et al. [8], to predict the properties for these ternary systems from binary contributions.
No experimental data corresponding to density, speed of sound, and refractive index have been found in the literature on the ternary mixtures studied in this paper.
Section snippets
Experimental
Toluene (>99.8%) and butyl acetate (>98.0%) were supplied by Aldrich, methyl acetate (>99.0%) was provided by Merck and methyl heptanoate (>99.0%) by Fluka. Its properties compared with those found in the literature are gathered in table 1. All the liquids were dried with 0.4 nm Union Carbide molecular sieves from Fluka and partially degassed before use with an ultrasonic bath.
The mixtures were prepared by adding known masses of the pure liquids into stoppered bottles with a syringe to prevent
Results and discussion
Density, excess molar volume, speed of sound, isentropic compressibility, isentropic compressibility deviation, refractive index, and change of refractive index on mixing for the ternary mixtures (toluene + methyl acetate + butyl acetate) and (toluene + methyl acetate + methyl heptanoate) are reported in TABLE 2, TABLE 3. Excess molar volumes, VE, isentropic compressibility, κs, isentropic compressibility deviations, Δκs, and changes of refractive index on mixing, ΔnD, for the ternary mixtures were
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Apparent molar properties of trioctylmethylammonium based ionic liquids in toluene and dodecane at T = (293.15 to 328.15) K
2020, Journal of Molecular LiquidsCitation Excerpt :In Table 1, purity, CAS and source of reagents used in this study are presented. Table 2 [25–48] represents the comparative list of measured and reported values of density and sound velocity for toluene and dodecane. The ionic liquids, trioctylmethylammonium bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate and trioctylmethylammonium bis-(2-ethylhexyl)diglycolamate were synthesized following the procedure reported in the literature [9,16].