Physical properties of (propyl propanoate + hexane + toluene) at 298.15 K

doi:10.1016/j.jct.2006.08.011

The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics

Volume 39, Issue 4, April 2007, Pages 621-626

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2006.08.011 Get rights and content

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to report experimental densities, excess molar enthalpies and refractive indexes of the ternary system (propyl propanoate + hexane + toluene) and of the corresponding binary mixtures (propyl propanoate + toluene) and (hexane + toluene) at the temperature 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure, over the whole composition range. Also, the excess molar volumes and the changes in the refractive index on mixing have been calculated from the measured data for all mixtures.

Introduction

In the present communication, we continue our study on ternary mixtures containing propyl propanoate, hexane and an aromatic hydrocarbon as components [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]. The study of these properties gives us information of the behaviour of the mixture from structural and energetic considerations. We report here densities, refractive indexes, excess molar volumes, changes in the refractive index and excess molar enthalpies for the ternary mixture (propyl propanoate + hexane + toluene), as well as experimental data of the constituent binary mixtures (propyl propanoate + toluene) and (hexane + toluene) at the temperature of 298.15 K and normal atmospheric pressure, over the whole composition range. The data for the binary mixture (propyl propanoate + hexane) have been published previously by us [1], [2].

The substances studied are widely employed in different industrial process. Thus, propyl propanoate, hexane, and toluene are used as solvents as well as components in the manufacture of paints and colourings.

Section snippets

Experimental

The chemical substances employed were supplied by Fluka and Sigma–Aldrich. Their mass purities were: propyl propanoate (Sigma–Aldrich >99%), hexane (Fluka >99.5%) and toluene (Aldrich >99.8%). All substances were degassed by ultrasound and dried over molecular sieves (Sigma type 0.4 nm) and otherwise used as supplied. The measured densities and refractive indexes of the pure liquids present a good agreement with the literature values as shown in table 1.

All the mixtures were prepared by mass

Results

Densities and refractive indexes obtained in this work for the binary systems (propyl propanoate + toluene) and (hexane + toluene) for the whole composition range, are shown, respectively, in TABLE 2, TABLE 3. The excess molar volumes, $V_{m}^{E}$ , were calculated from the densities as follows: $V_{m, ij}^{E} = \sum_{i = 1}^{N} x_{i} M_{i} (ρ^{- 1} - ρ_{i}^{- 1}) .$

Changes in the refractive index for binary mixtures were calculated using: $Δ n_{D} = n_{D} - \sum_{i = 1}^{N} x_{i} n_{D, i} .$ In these equations, ρ and n_D are the density and the refractive index, respectively, in the

Discussion

In figure 1 we present the excess molar volumes for the two binary systems studied here versus the molar fraction of the propyl propanoate. With respect to the physical meaning of $V_{m}^{E}$ , the data measured comes from two different and independent physical mechanism. First, the variation in the molecular packing as a consequence of different sizes and shapes of the molecular components. Second, the variation of intermolecular forces when the two components of the mixture come in contact. As

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Physical properties of (propyl propanoate + hexane + toluene) at 298.15 K

Abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Experimental

Results

Discussion

Fluid Phase Equilibr.

J. Chem. Thermodyn.

J. Chem. Thermodyn.

J. Chem. Thermodyn.

J. Chem. Thermodyn.

J. Chem. Thermodyn.

J. Chem. Thermodyn.

Thermochim. Acta

J. Chem. Thermodyn.

Fluid Phase Equilibr.

J. Chem. Eng. Data

J. Chem. Eng. Data