Densities and viscosities of binary mixtures of {dimethylsulfoxide + aliphatic lower alkanols (C1–C3)} at temperatures from T = 303.15 K to T = 323.15 K
Introduction
The properties of liquid mixtures have attracted much attention from both theoretical and practical points of view. Many engineering problems require quantitative data on the density and viscosity of liquid mixtures. It is also important for the calculation of the excess properties which capable one to make some understanding of the internal organization of the liquid phases.
The properties of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) have been the subject of considerable interest because of its wide range of applicability as a solvent in chemical and biological processes and a plasticizer. It is a highly polar self-associated [1], [2] liquid and has ability to participate in hydrogen bonding. The enhancement of its donor ability in solvent mixtures may result from rupture of the DMSO structure by the second liquid component. In liquid mixtures, therefore, the DMSO molecules would be less rigidly bound than in pure solvent and could interact better with the hydrogen bonded liquids. Alcohols, on the other hand, are strongly self-associated hydrogen bonded liquids. The investigation of the thermodynamic properties of the binary mixtures containing associated DMSO and alkanols can be, therefore, quite rewarding.
Over the last couple of decades, a large number of thermodynamic experimental results and theoretical investigations of mixtures containing DMSO has been devoted [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]. Some investigators have presented the densities and viscosities for the mixtures of DMSO and higher alkanols or glycols at a particular temperature [5], [6], [10]. To the best of our knowledge, no volumetric and viscometric studies on the mixtures of DMSO and lower aliphatic alkanols at different temperatures are available. This prompted us to study the densities and viscosities of (DMSO + methanol, + ethanol, + 1-propanol, + 2-propanol) mixtures at ambient pressure and T = (303.15, 308.15, 313.15, 318.15, and 323.15) K over the entire range of composition.
Section snippets
Experimental
Methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propoanol used in the present investigation were the same as in our earlier works [13], [14]. DMSO purchased from Aldrich was refluxed over NaOH for three hours at 90 °C. Then it was distilled at reduced pressure and the middle fraction was collected. Chemicals were kept in sealed dark bottles dried over molecular sieves 4A 1/16 (Wako pure Chemical) for 2–3 weeks prior to their use to eliminate residual traces of water and avoid moisture gain. All of the
Results and discussion
The excess molar volumes,, have been calculated by the following equation:where x1, M1 and ρ1 are the mole fraction, molar mass and density, respectively, of the pure DMSO, and x2, M2, ρ2 are the corresponding quantities for alkanol in each system. ρ12 is the density of the corresponding binary solution. The densities and excess molar volumes at T = (303.15, 308.15, 313.15, 318.15, and 323.15) K are presented in TABLE 2, TABLE 3, TABLE 4, TABLE 5 for the
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