Isobaric (vapour + liquid) equilibria data for the binary systems {1,2-dichloroethane (1) + toluene (2)} and {1,2-dichloroethane (1) + acetic acid (2)} at atmospheric pressure

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Abstract

In this study for two binary systems {1,2-dichloroethane (1) + toluene (2)} and {1,2- dichloroethane (1) + acetic acid (2)}, the isobaric (vapour + liquid) equilibrium (VLE) data have been measured at atmospheric pressure. An all-glass Fischer–Labodest type capable of handling pressures from (0.25 to 400) kPa and temperatures up to 523.15 K was used. Experimental uncertainties for pressure, temperature, and composition have been calculated for each binary system. The data were correlated by means of the NRTL, UNIQUAC, UNIFAC, and Wilson models with satisfactory results.

Introduction

Isobaric (vapour + liquid) equilibrium (VLE) data are of great importance to understand the behaviour of chemical substances and mixtures at different conditions, for separation operations such as distillation and adsorption to include the efficient use of energy.

The 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) is a colourless, flammable, and volatile liquid that decomposes slowly in the presence of air, moisture, and light. Its vapour decomposes in a flame and on hot surfaces yielding hydrogen chloride, phosgene, and other chlorine-containing compounds. Toluene is a common solvent that dissolves paints, paint thinners, rubber, printing ink, adhesives (glues), lacquers, leather tanners, and disinfectants. It can also be used as a fullerene indicator and is a raw material for toluene di-isocyanate (used in the manufacture of polyurethane foam), phenol, and TNT. Toluene can be used as an octane booster in gasoline fuels used in internal combustion engines. Inhalation of toluene fumes can be intoxicating, but in larger doses induces nausea. Chronic or frequent inhalation of toluene over long time periods leads to irreversible brain damage [1]. Furthermore, acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound best recognized for giving vinegar its sour taste and pungent smell. Pure water-free acetic acid (glacial acetic acid) is a colourless hygroscopic liquid and freezes below T = 289.9 K to a colourless crystalline solid. Acetic acid is corrosive and its vapour is irritating to the eyes and nose, although it is a weak acid based on its ability to dissociate in aqueous solutions [1], [2]. The system was chosen because of its commercial interest in the separation of 1,2-dichloroethane from other chemicals. In this paper, experimental and predicted data are compared with each other and the relevant parameters are given.

Section snippets

Materials

The organic liquids used were obtained from Merck: toluene, 1,2-dichloroethane, and acetic acid had nominal mass fraction purities >0.995, >0.990, and >0.997, respectively. The n-propanol was used as the internal standard for gas chromatography. All chemicals were used as supplied after chromatography failed to show any significant organic impurities. The measured values and the purity of the chemicals used are listed in table 1. Refractive indices and densities were measured with the Anton

Results and discussion

Data obtained from the (vapour + liquid) equilibrium at temperature T, and the liquid-phase and vapour-phase mole fractions, xi and yi, for the binary systems {1,2-dichloroethane (1) + toluene (2)} and {1,2-dichloroethane (1) + acetic acid (2)} at atmospheric pressure are presented in TABLE 2, TABLE 3. Mole fraction is plotted against temperature in FIGURE 2, FIGURE 3. FIGURE 2, FIGURE 3 clearly show that azeotropic behaviour is not observed for both systems and it can be observed that both systems

Conclusions

The experimental data were correlated using the four main models viz. Wilson, NRTL, UNIQUAC, and UNIFAC equations. It was shown that the deviations of the Wilson, UNIFAC, UNIQUAC equations were reasonably small, while the deviation of the NRTL was larger. Based on these results, we recommend the UNIFAC and UNIQUAC models for these systems. The results show that the calculated parameters are fitted adequately by these models. They meet the need for the design and operation of separation

Acknowledgements

The authors thank to Mrs. Neslihan Sipahi for helping with the experiments.

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