Automated apparatus for gas solubility measurements
Introduction
Ben-Naim and Baer have designed a volumetric gas solubility apparatus for slightly soluble gases in 1963 [1], which is considered a reference till nowadays. It is based on a direct reading of the change in volume of the gas during dissolution at constant pressure. A number of variations have been developed. One of these is the Tominaga et al. improved version [2] used in Battino’s laboratory, which combined easy handling with automated data retrieval and was totally mercury-free.
In this work, we present a new design for solubility measurements around room temperature and atmospheric pressure that incorporates the best features of both apparatuses.
Section snippets
Chemicals
Carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide were both Matheson products, Belgium, with a stated mole fraction purity of 0.995. The water (water G Chromasov) was obtained from Riedel and Häen, Germany.
Apparatus and solubility measurement
The experimental apparatus for solubility measurements is represented in figure 1. The principle of the method is to bring a measured amount of liquid into contact with a known volume of gas at a given temperature and pressure. After the equilibrium has been attained the change in the gas volume yields the
Calculations
In the following text we use the subscript 1 to identify the solvent (water) and 2 for the solute (gas). In this work, the experimentally accessible quantities are the displaced volume in gas burette due to the gas dissolution, ΔV, the mass of solution, ms, and the equilibrium pressure and temperature, P and T, respectively.
The amount of dissolved gas, n2 (in moles), can be obtained from ΔV through the equation,where represents the molar volume in the vapour phase
Conclusions
A new automated apparatus for G/L solubility measurements was implemented which embodies the best features of two reference literature devices. Its performance was tested in the temperature range from 290 K to 303 K with high soluble gases, CO2 and N2O, in water. An accuracy better than 0.6% and a moderate precision of 0.5% were achieved.
In future work, the solubility of slightly soluble gases will be determined and we will extend the measurements to lower temperatures using an appropriate
Acknowledgements
This work was carried out under Research Project POCTI/EQU 44056/2002 financed by FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal) and FEDER.
We thank Professor Alan E. Mather, from the University of Alberta, who kindly sent us the paper of C. Bohr.
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