Surface tension, density, and speed of sound for the ternary mixture {diethyl carbonate + p-xylene + decane}

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Abstract

This paper reports the results of a new experimental study of thermophysical properties for the ternary mixture of {diethyl carbonate + p-xylene + decane}. Surface tension has been measured at 298.15 K and, density and speed of sound have been measured in the temperature range T = (288.15 to 308.15) K. Excess molar volumes, excess isentropic compressibilities, and surface tension deviations, have been calculated from experimental data. Surface tension deviations have been correlated with Cibulka equation and Nagata and Tamura equation was used for the other excess properties. Good accuracy has been obtained. These excess magnitudes are discussed qualitatively in terms of the nature and type of intermolecular interactions of the components involved.

Introduction

In recent years, there has been considerable upsurge in the theoretical and experimental investigations of the thermodynamic properties of binary mixtures with organic carbonates. This study is of interest due to the high capacity of dialkylcarbonates as solvents in extractive processes, their use in the synthesis of pharmaceutical and chemical products, their application as gasoline additives and as lubricants in the replacement of CFCs with HFCs in the refrigerator industry [1].

Continuing with a serial of measurements published in previous papers [2], [3], in this work, experimental values of surface tension σ, density ρ and speed of sound u for the ternary mixture {diethyl carbonate + p-xylene + decane}, and its binary mixtures (except ρ and u of the binary mixture {diethyl carbonate + decane} at 288.15, 293.15, 298.15, and 308.15 that have been already published [2]) at atmospheric pressure are reported for a better knowledge of the physical properties of these mixtures. ρ and u have been measured in the temperature range T = (288.15 to 308.15) K, and σ has been analyzed at 298.15 K. Our interest in the study of surface tension is because this property plays an important role in the design of contacting equipment involved in several chemical processes. Experimental data for these mixtures are not available in open literature.

Surface tension deviations Δσ, excess molar volumes VE, and excess isentropic compressibilities κsE have been calculated from experimental data. The excess magnitudes help to characterize the molecular interactions among the different kinds of substances that coexist in the mixtures.

A polynomial equation proposed by Nagata and Tamura [4] was used to correlate the ternaries VE and κsE. On the other side, ternary Δσ have been correlated using Cibulka [5] equation.

Section snippets

Experimental

Diethyl carbonate and p-xylene were supplied by Fluka and decane was supplied by Sigma. The molar fraction purities stated by manufacturers were better than 0.99 for p-xylene and decane and better than 0.995 for diethyl carbonate. The substances were degassed and stored over molecular sieves (Sigma, type 0.4 nm). The molar fraction of water in each of the liquids were determined by Karl Fischer titration to be <0.01 mol.%. All compounds were checked by GLC tests, and no significant impurities

Results and discussion

The experimental and literature values [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16] of surface tension, density and speed of sound for pure components at all studied temperatures are listed in table 1, finding an agreement within experimental uncertainties in most of cases. This agreement ensures both the purity of the chemicals used and the experimental devices accuracy.

In table 2, experimental surface tension data of the ternary mixture {diethyl carbonate + p-xylene + decane} and its binary mixtures

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