Excess molar volumes and ultrasonic studies of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone with ketones at T = 303.15 K
Introduction
The interaction between solvents with polar groups and carbonyl carbon group of ketone plays a crucial role in the structural effects, molecular level and for practical applications [1]. The chemical industries have recognized the importance of the thermodynamic properties in design calculations involving chemical separations, heat transfer, mass transfer and fluid flow. When two or more solvent molecules are associated with one another to form a liquid mixture, it brings about a marked effect on the properties of the resulting system and differences in the intermolecular interactions of the solvents. This fact is well known as the transport phenomenon and thermophysical properties of mixed solvents. Volumetric properties of mixed solvents provided by the intrinsic volume of the molecules have been considered to be a good measure of solute–solvent interactions. The volumetric properties of binary liquid mixtures have been extensively studied [2], [3], [4], [5], as they can contribute to a clarification of the various intermolecular interactions between the different species existing in solution.
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is a colourless, high-boiling, mobile, characteristic odour, and low viscosity. NMP, known for its low toxicity and solvent power, is rapidly becoming the product of choice for paint strippers, agricultural chemicals, and process solvent applications. As a co-solvent, NMP can improve the gloss of floor polishes and it also has application in the electronic industry as a photo-resist stripper. On the other hand, NMP is a strongly polar liquid and has the potential for use in solvent extraction process for separating polar substances from non-polar substances [6]. It is not on the Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) list of the US 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Recently, the demand for NMP is explicitly and incessantly increasing with the research and development of the electronics and chemical industry. It is an aprotic solvent with a large dipole moment and a high dielectric constant (μ = 4.09 Debye and ε = 32.2 at T = 298.15 K) [7]. The NMP is completely soluble with water at all temperatures and also soluble with most organic solvents.
Ketones are also polar and so the dipole–dipole interactions are strong, of course they are weaker hydrogen bonds than in alcohols. Since ketones lack hydroxyl groups, they are incapable to create intermolecular hydrogen bonds, but due to the presence of oxygen, they can form hydrogen bonds with alcohol or water molecules what leads to the complete solubility of low ketones in the former solvents. On the other hand, their boiling points are considerable higher than for ethers or alkanes, indicating the presence of significant intermolecular dipole–dipole forces. The carbonyl group is polar since oxygen is more electronegative than carbon and forms a partially charged dipole. The present study is a continuation of our earlier research [8], [9], [10], [11], [12] on thermodynamic properties of binary liquid mixtures which contains high polar liquids with other solvents. In order to characterize the type and magnitude of the molecular interactions between NMP with ketones, we present here the VE and ultrasonic studies of (NMP) with methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), diethylketone (DEK), methyl propyl ketone (MPK), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), and cyclohexanone (CH) at T = 303.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. However, no effort appears to have been made to collect the molecular interactions between NMP and ketones in terms of VE and ultrasonic studies.
Section snippets
Materials
The pure solvents, of highest purity commercially available were used in the present investigation. NMP (Merck mass fraction purity >0.99) was distilled at low pressure and stored over freshly activated 0.3 nm molecular sieves [13]. Ethyl methyl ketone (BDH Ltd., initial mass fraction purity >0.99), diethyl ketone (Fluka initial mass fraction purity >0.99), methyl propyl ketone (Aldrich, initial mass fraction purity >0.99), methyl isobutyl ketone (BDH Ltd., initial mass fraction purity >0.99),
Results and discussion
The measured VE values of NMP with ketones at T = 303.15 K are summarized as a function of mole fraction of NMP in table 2 and graphically represented in figure 1. The VE results are correlated with the Redlich–Kister type equation
The values of the binary constants, obtained by the above equations are given in table 3 along with the standard deviation σ (VE). The ultrasonic sound velocity (u) of these mixtures has been analyzed in terms of free length theory
Acknowledgment
One of the authors (P. G. K.) is highly thankful to University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, India, for providing a teacher fellowship.
References (25)
- et al.
Thermochim. Acta
(2006) - et al.
J. Chem. Thermodyn.
(2002) - et al.
Polymer
(2003) - et al.
Fluid Phase Equilib.
(2008) - et al.
Fluid Phase Equlib.
(1994) - et al.
J. Chem. Thermodyn.
(2008) - et al.
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
(2002) - et al.
J. Chem. Eng. Data
(2004) - E. Mueller, G. Hochfeld, 8th World pet, congress, vol. 4, 1971, p....
- et al.
Organic Solvents
(1986)
J. Chem. Eng. Data
Fluid Phase Equlib.
Cited by (43)
Nonaqueous binary solvents of 2-hexyloxyethanol with three secondary alkanolamines: Density, viscosity and excess/deviation properties
2023, Journal of Chemical ThermodynamicsInvestigation of solute-solvent interactions between 2-butoxyethanol and substituted ketones by volumetric, acoustic and FTIR studies at T=(303.15–318.15) K
2022, Chemical Thermodynamics and Thermal AnalysisEffect of ketonic group on thermodynamic properties of binary mixtures containing aromatic alcohol at different temperatures
2021, Materials Today: ProceedingsStudy of molecular interaction in a ternary liquid mixture of n-hexane, ethanol and benzene
2021, Materials Today: Proceedings