Isobaric (vapour + liquid) equilibria for the (1-pentanol + propionic acid) binary mixture at (53.3 and 91.3) kPa
Introduction
(Vapour + liquid) equilibrium (VLE) data are very important in the design of separation and purification processes and pipeline systems especially in the field of pharmaceutical and petrochemical industries. Such information can be obtained experimentally or estimated by using the accurate solution theories and molecular thermodynamic models. Distillation is the most common process used in petroleum refineries, petrochemical, and chemical plants for the separation of a mixture into its component parts. The optimum design and operations of distillation columns for the mixture separations requires the availability of accurate and thermodynamically consistent VLE data [1]. The VLE data for multi-component mixtures can usually be predicted using the related binary and pure component values with fewer experimental measurements.
The short-chain aliphatic alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, and 1-pentanol, may attract interest as a safe fuel and as a solvent in the pharmaceutical, paint, and cosmetic industries [2], [3]. Mono-carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and pentanoic acid may be used to produce numerous esters, salts, and other derivatives in the plastics, coatings, and perfume industries [4]. Mixtures of short-chain aliphatic alcohols with mono-carboxylic acids have been studied extensively for the chemical engineering applications in the synthesis, separation, and purification processes [5]. In (alcohols + mono-carboxylic acids), the COOH self-association strength of mono-carboxylic acids is much more than that of the OH group of alcohols. Therefore, the association of (alcohols + mono-carboxylic acids) may be considered as two self-associations (COOH/COOH and OH/OH) and one cross-association (COOH/OH) which can be used to describe the non-ideality of these systems as azeotropic behaviour [6]. Considering the importance of non-ideal behaviour of (alcohol + mono-carboxylic acid) in design and operations of different steps of separation processes, especially in distillation, in this work isobaric VLE data for the binary mixture of (1-pentanol + propionic acid) were determined at (53.3 and 91.3) kPa. The VLE data for binary mixtures and the activity coefficients were found to be thermodynamically consistent. The experiment values were correlated using the local composition models such as Wilson [7], NRTL [8], and UNIQUAC [9] for the liquid phase activity coefficients. The measurements have been compared with those correlated by the activity-coefficient models. The correlated parameters of the models as well as the average absolute deviation in boiling temperatures and vapour-phase compositions were determined and are reported.
Section snippets
Chemicals
The 1-pentanol and propionic acid were supplied by Merck Co. Inc., Germany. The purity of the chemicals was checked on the basis of its refractive index at T = 293.15 K. The refractive index was measured using thermostatically controlled Abbe Refractometer (Atago 1T/4T) equipped with a digital thermometer with an uncertainty of ±0.05 °C with an accuracy of ±0.0001nD. The measured physical properties of 1-pentanol and propionic acid are listed in table 1 along with values from the literature [10].
Vapour pressure
Table 3 shows the experimental vapour pressure of the binary mixture of (1-pentanol + propionic acid). The vapour pressure values were compared with those obtained by Antoine equation [12]. Table 4 shows the Antoine constant parameters of the chemicals from the literature [12]. Our measured vapour pressures and those predicted by the Antoine equation are presented in figure 1. According to this figure, the vapour pressure results are well matched with the Antoine equation.
Isobaric VLE
The VLE data have been
Conclusion
Isobaric VLE data were determined experimentally for the {1-pentanol (1) + propionic acid (2)} binary mixture at (53.3 and 91.3) kPa. The mixture studied exhibited a negative deviation from ideal behaviour. The VLE data obtained were examined by the thermodynamic consistency tests. By the analysis of the area and direct tests, the VLE results are of acceptable quality. The binary parameters of three activity-coefficient models, namely Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC were calculated. The experimental
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