Excess parameters of binary mixtures of anisaldehyde with o-cresol, m-cresol and p-cresol at T = (303.15, 308.15, 313.15, and 318.15) K

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Abstract

The density, ultrasonic velocity, and viscosity of binary mixtures of (anisaldehyde + o-cresol, or +m-cresol, or +p-cresol) have been measured over the entire range of composition at T = (303.15, 308.15, 313.15, and 318.15) K. Using these data, various thermo-acoustic parameters such as deviation in adiabatic compressibility, Δβ, excess molar volume, VE, viscosity deviation, Δη and excess Gibb’s free energy of activation for viscous flow, ΔG∗E have been calculated. The calculated deviation and excess functions have been fitted to the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation. The negative and positive values of deviation or excess thermo-acoustic parameters observed have been explained on the basis of the intermolecular interactions present in these mixtures.

Highlights

► There exist strong interactions between the molecules of the mixtures. ► The deviation in excess values is more in (anisaldehyde + p-cresol) mixture. ► At higher temperatures the interactions are stronger. ► At higher temperatures the interactions are stronger.

Introduction

When two or more liquids are mixed, there occur some changes in physical and thermodynamic properties because of free volume change, change in energy and change in molecular orientations. The deviation from ideality is expressed by many thermodynamic variables particularly by excess properties [1], [2], [3], [4]. Excess thermodynamic properties of mixtures are useful in the study of molecular interactions and arrangements. Thermodynamic parameters derived from the measurement of density, ultrasonic velocity and viscosity are useful in understanding the nature and type of intermolecular interactions between the component molecules.

Phenols are widely used in phonograph records, wood preservatives and selective weed killing. In an attempt to explore the nature of interactions occurring between anisaldehyde and aromatic hydrocarbons, density, viscosity and speed of sound of binary liquid mixtures of (anisaldehyde + o-cresol, or +m-cresol, or +p-cresol) have been measured over the entire range of composition at T = (303.15, 308.15, 313.15, and 318.15) K. From these results, the deviation in adiabatic compressibility, Δβ, excess molar volume, VE, viscosity deviation, Δη and excess Gibb’s free energy of activation for viscous flow, ΔG∗E have been calculated. The results were fitted to the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation. The intermolecular interactions have been estimated in the light of the excess parameters.

Section snippets

Materials

The mass fraction purity of the liquids (obtained from Merck) was as follows: o-cresol (0.990), m-cresol (0.990), and p-cresol (0.980) and the purity of the liquid (obtained from SRL chemicals) anisaldehyde (0.990). All the liquids used were further purified by standard procedure [5]. The purity of samples was checked by comparing the experimental values of density, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity with those available in the literature [6], [7], [8] and these values are compiled in table 1.

Procedure

Results and discussion

From the experimental values for density, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity, various thermodynamic parameters are evaluated using the following standard equations:

Values of adiabatic compressibility β were calculated using the following relation:β=1/ρu2,where ρ is the density of the mixture and u is the ultrasonic velocity.

The values of Vm were obtained from the relation:Vm=Meff/ρ.Meff is given by Meff = (x1M1 + x2M2), where M1 and M2 are the molar masses of pure components.

The excess Gibb’s free

Conclusions

The viscosity deviation and excess Gibb’s free energy of activation obtained from experimental values of density, ultrasonic velocity and viscosity are positive for all the binary systems over the entire range of composition and at all the temperatures considered in the present study. It clearly suggests the presence of strong interactions between the molecules of all the binary mixtures.

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