Volumetric and viscometric study with FT-IR analysis of binary systems with diethyl succinate and alcohols
Introduction
Thermophysical studies of esters are of increasing interest due to their wide usage in flavoring, perfumery, artificial essences, and cosmetics. Esters are also important solvents in pharmaceutical, paint, and plastic industries [1].
Ester diethyl succinate is one of the volatile components present in wine-congeners. In nature it also occurs in apple, cocoa, grape, brandy and whiskey. Compounds that have been successfully extracted from wine samples and identified are, beside esters, mainly alcohols, including 1-propanol, 1-butanol and 1-hexanol, and aldehydes/ketones [2].
Thermodynamic, transport and equilibrium data of wine congeners binary mixtures are significant and needed for modeling and simulation of distillation process. These components in wine change with time, temperature and in the presence of oxygen. This paper deals with experimental determination and modeling of thermodynamic and transport properties of binary mixtures to be used in distillation simulation.
Binary mixtures of wine congeners have been analyzed before [3], [4], and also several studies of the thermophysical properties of this ester [5], [6] have been conducted in the recent years. However, detailed investigations of the properties such as density, viscosity and refractive index over a wide range of temperature of these mixtures are still missing in the literature. This work is a continuation of our study of the thermodynamic and transport properties of liquid mixtures containing this kind of compounds [7], [8], [9].
In this paper, densities, refractive indices and viscosities for three binary mixtures of diethyl succinate with alcohols (1-propanol, or 1-butanol, or 1-hexanol) are reported at atmospheric pressure and at eight temperatures ranging from 288.15 K to 323.15 K with temperature step of 5 K. The experimental results from this study have been used to calculate excess molar volumes (VE) and deviation functions (, ). These properties are then correlated with Redlich-Kister equation [10] and used afterwards, together with FT-IR study, for analysis of molecular interactions existing in the mixtures. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy studies of all the pure compounds and mixtures were performed to obtain insight into major inter- and intramolecular interactions in the studied mixtures. It is a spectral technique that measures the association properties, hydrogen bonding capability and interactions of different molecules, analyzing band shifts, band width and the change of band shape.
Section snippets
Experimental
Basic informations about the chemicals used in this investigation are given in Table 1. Diethyl succinate (w = 0.99) was purchased from Acros Organics, 1-propanol (w = 0.995), 1-butanol (w = 0.995) and 1-hexanol (w = 0.99) from Merck.
Experimental data on density, viscosity and refractive index of these chemicals were compared with literature values [5], [6], [11], [12], [13], [14] at 298.15 K (Table 2). The agreement was satisfactory with differences within 0.8 kg m−3 for densities, less than 5 · 10−4 for
Results and discussion
Densities ρ, viscosities η and refractive indices nD for three binary systems (diethyl succinate + 1-propanol, diethyl succinate + 1-butanol, diethyl succinate + 1-hexanol), measured at eight temperatures T = (288.15, 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15, 318.15 and 323.15) K and atmospheric pressure are given in Table 3.
Experimental densities of the mixtures ρ and the pure components ρi, were used to calculate the excess molar volumes VE from equation:in which Mi is the molecular
Conclusions
Density (ρ), viscosity (η) and refractive index (nD) of three ester + alcohol binary mixtures are given in this paper at atmospheric pressure and at temperatures ranging from 288.15 K to 323.15 K. Excess molar volumes (VE) and deviation functions (Δη, ΔnD) calculated from these data and correlated by Redlich-Kister equation were further used for interpretation of molecular interactions present in the mixtures. As expected, based on the previous thermodynamic investigations of ester + alcohol systems,
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support received from the Research Fund of Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Serbia and the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade (project No. 172063).
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