State, trait and biochemical influences on human anterior cingulate function
Section snippets
Subjects and task
We recruited 28 healthy right-handed volunteers (15 female; aged 22–48 years). This sample size has been shown to provide adequate power for correlational analyses (Cohen, 1988) and similar size samples have been used in path analysis of brain imaging data (Bullmore et al., 2000, Seminowicz et al., 2004). None of the participants that completed this study had a personal or family history of neurological or psychiatric illness and all presented with adequate visual function. All participants
Performance and functional analyses
As in previous studies, we found that MSIT performance produced a large and significant response conflict effect as indexed by significantly longer reaction time (RT) in the incongruent compared to congruent condition (RT difference between conditions; MSIT-rt; M = 331 ms; F = 509.5; P < 0.0001). In addition, the MSIT generated significant error-related response conflicts, as reflected by significantly greater response errors (commission and omission) in the incongruent compared to congruent
Discussion
While the dorsal part of the human anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is reliably activated in situations of conflict, very little is known about how individual differences in the neural characteristics of the dACC and major dimensions of behavior, affect this brain response. In the current study, we recruited 28 healthy adults and employed a multi-modal neuroimaging approach combined with statistical path analysis to demonstrate and quantify the relative influences of intelligence, personality,
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia (I.D. 236175) and the Ian Potter Foundation. Dr Murat Yücel is supported by an NHMRC Program Grant (ID: 350241). Dr. Harrison is supported by a NHMRC Training Award (I.D. 400420). Neuroimaging analysis was facilitated by the Neuropsychiatry Imaging Laboratory managed by Ms. Bridget Soulsby at the Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre and supported by Neurosciences Victoria. Melbourne Neuropsychiatry
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2016, NeuroImageCitation Excerpt :Along these lines, individuals with a high BAS activate reward-related circuits in response to positive stimuli more easily (Kennis et al., 2013). Apart from the consistently reported association between BAS and engagement of the striatum, BAS-related personality traits were found to correlate positively with activation of the ventral/orbital parts of the prefrontal cortex, the dorsal cingulate, and the middle/inferior temporal gyri (Hahn et al., 2009; Hooker et al., 2008; Locke and Braver, 2008; Mobbs et al., 2005; Yucel et al., 2007; for review see Kennis et al., 2013). These neural correlates of BAS converge with the mesocortical dopaminergic system as particularly the orbitofrontal cortex subserves the processing of the reward value of stimuli and the selection of appropriate responses (e.g., Kahnt et al., 2010; Kringelbach and Rolls, 2004).
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2013, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsCitation Excerpt :BAS-related personality traits were associated with activation of the dorsal ACC during cognitive tasks. Extraversion and BAS correlated positively with dorsal ACC activity during resting state (Wei et al., 2011), during an inhibition task (Eisenberger et al., 2005), a working memory task (Gray et al., 2005), and a multi-source inference task (Yücel et al., 2007). Thus, it seems that BIS and FFFS-related personality traits are usually positively correlated with dorsal ACC activity to negative stimuli.
Sex differences in the neural correlates of emotion: Evidence from neuroimaging
2011, Biological PsychologyCitation Excerpt :Sex differences in the association between such trait variables and both brain structure and function and have been reported (Hakamata et al., 2006; Whittle et al., 2008; Youn et al., 2002), and could influence sex differences in state measures. Indeed, other research suggests that these variables may have a significant effect on brain function associated with emotional processing (Canli et al., 2001; Caseras et al., 2007; Dickie and Armony, 2008; McRae et al., 2008b; Yücel et al., 2007). Considering the influence of other biological (e.g., genetics, hormones) and environmental factors is also likely to be critical to a full understanding of sex differences in emotion.
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