NMR-determined lipoprotein subclass profile is associated with dietary composition and body size☆

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Abstract

Background and aims

Dyslipidemia is influenced by diet and body habitus. The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy lipoprotein subclass profile (NMR-LSP) is associated with diabetes and its vascular complications; and an NMR-LSP featuring large VLDL particles and small LDL and HDL particles is linked with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Thus interventions which favourably modify NMR-LSP may reduce risk for diabetes, its complications and CVD. The study aim was to investigate the associations between NMR-LSP, dietary composition and body size measures using data from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS).

Methods and results

NMR-LSP was assessed in 313 men and 403 women (median age 54 years) randomly selected from a community-based cohort study. Diet was assessed using a specifically developed food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and body size was assessed by body mass index (BMI) or waist:hips ratio (WHR). To simplify the 15 NMR-LSP variables, factor analysis was used to derive a single factor. Multivariate linear regression with this factor score as the dependent variable demonstrated that in men, total PUFA and n-6 dietary fat intake and BMI were associated with a more atherogenic NMR-LSP pattern; while in women dietary glycemic index and WHR demonstrated positive associations, and n-3 fat intake an inverse association.

Conclusions

We developed a single factor score to summarize the NMR-LSP that has the benefit of combining all aspects of the NMR-LSP and accounting for correlations between them. We have shown correlations between the NMR-LSP and body size and dietary composition.

Section snippets

Study sample

The study is a subset of the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS), an Australian prospective cohort study established to investigate the role of diet and other lifestyle factors in chronic disease. The cohort consists of 41,514 participants (24,469 women) aged between 40 and 69 years at baseline (1990–1994). Twenty four percent of subjects were southern European migrants, deliberately over-sampled to extend the range of lifestyle factors and genetic variation. The Cancer Council

Subject characteristics

Table 1 shows the characteristics of participants. Median BMIs for men and women were in the overweight range. The median WHR in men but not women indicated abdominal obesity. The median plasma glucose in men bordered on impaired fasting glucose (≥5.6 mmol/L), while in women the median was within the normal range. The median cholesterol was 5.4 mmol/l for both men and women. Dietary composition was similar for men and women, but men had a higher LDL particle concentration and score for the

Discussion

We have simplified 15 components of the NMR-LSP pattern so as to summarize the multi-component NMR-LSP into a single number, and found this score to be associated with dietary composition and adiposity in a community-based group of people. We previously reported a similar factor to be an independent predictor of incident type 2 diabetes in the MCCS [8], using the same subjects as the current study as controls, although due to slightly different inclusion/exclusion criteria the numbers are not

Acknowledgements

This study was made possible by the contribution of many people, including the original investigators and the diligent team who recruited the participants and completed follow-up. We express gratitude to the many thousands of Melbourne residents who continue to participate in the study. We acknowledge Dr. Jim Otvos and CDC (USA) for funding for analysis of the NMR lipoprotein profiles.

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    ☆

    This work was funded by VicHealth, The Cancer Council Victoria and the National Health and Medical Research Council (Grant Ids 124317, 126402, 126403, 180705, 180706, 194327, 209057, 251533). AH is supported by NHMRC 520316. These funding sources had no input into study design, or collection, analysis and interpretation of the data.

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