Original articleReticular Pseudodrusen and Their Association with Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study
Section snippets
Study Sample
The MCCS is a prospective, community-based cohort study of 41 514 people (24 469 women) living in Melbourne, Australia.8 Almost all participants (99.3%) were between 40 and 69 years of age at recruitment (1990–1994). At baseline, participants attended clinics where demographic, lifestyle, and dietary data were collected and anthropometric measurements were performed. The follow-up study was conducted between 2003 and 2007, when demographic information and anthropometric measurements were
Results
The prevalence of definite RPD was 0.41% (87 of 21 130 participants), with 51% having bilateral RPD. When all RPD cases were included (including those with <80% certainty of RPD), the prevalence increased to 0.78% (Table 2, available at www.aaojournal.org). Demographic characteristics of all participants included in this study by definite RPD and AMD status can be found in Table 3 (available at www.aaojournal.org). The median age of cases was 77 years (interquartile range, 74.6–79.6 years).
Discussion
In this study, we have shown that definite RPD are associated highly with all stages of AMD as well as focal pigmentary abnormalities and large drusen. Reticular pseudodrusen seem to occur later in life compared with large drusen and are associated highly with late AMD. Age-related macular degeneration and RPD share risk factors such as increasing age, female gender, and smoking, as well as the common AMD risk genotypes. When adjusted for focal pigmentary abnormalities and large drusen, the
Acknowledgments
The authors thank members of the community who volunteered their time to participate in this study.
References (36)
- et al.
Age-related macular degeneration
Lancet
(2012) - et al.
Reticular pseudodrusen: a risk factor for geographic atrophy in fellow eyes of individuals with unilateral choroidal neovascularization
Ophthalmology
(2014) - et al.
Incidence and progression of reticular drusen in age-related macular degeneration: findings from an older Australian cohort
Ophthalmology
(2014) - et al.
Clinical classification of age-related macular degeneration
Ophthalmology
(2013) - et al.
A prospective study of reticular macular disease
Ophthalmology
(2011) - et al.
Reticular pseudodrusen in Sorsby fundus dystrophy
Ophthalmology
(2015) - et al.
Prevalence and significance of subretinal drusenoid deposits (reticular pseudodrusen) in age-related macular degeneration
Ophthalmology
(2010) - et al.
Combined confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging of reticular drusen associated with age-related macular degeneration
Ophthalmology
(2010) - et al.
The epidemiology of retinal reticular drusen
Am J Ophthalmol
(2008) - et al.
Reticular drusen in eyes with high-risk characteristics for progression to late-stage age-related macular degeneration
Br J Ophthalmol
(2015)
Risk factors associated with reticular pseudodrusen versus large soft drusen
Am J Ophthalmol
Genetic and environmental factors associated with reticular pseudodrusen in age-related macular degeneration
Retina
The Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study
IARC Sci Publ
Age-related macular degeneration in ethnically diverse Australia: Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study
Ophthalmic Epidemiol
Development of the Melbourne FFQ: a food frequency questionnaire for use in an Australian prospective study involving an ethnically diverse cohort
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr
Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and survival in a Greek population
N Engl J Med
Non-mydriatic digital macular photography: how good is the second eye photograph?
Ophthalmic Epidemiol
Can genetic associations change with age? CFH and age-related macular degeneration
Hum Mol Genet
Cited by (0)
Supplemental material is available at www.aaojournal.org.
Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Supported by the National Health & Medical Research Council of Australia (program grant no.: 209057, capacity building grant no.: 251533, and enabling grant no.: 396414); VicHealth and Cancer Council Victoria (cohort recruitment); Ophthalmic Research Institute of Australia; American Health Assistance Foundation (grant no.: M2008-082); Jack Brockhoff Foundation; John Reid Charitable Trust; Perpetual Trustees; the Charles Viertel Charitable Foundation; the Lloyd and Kathleen Ansell Ophthalmology Foundation; and the Mankiewicz-Zelkin Fellowship of the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australis (R.P.F.); the Victorian Centre for Biostatistics (Australian Postgraduate Award and studentship funded by National Health & Medical Research Council of Australia Centre of Research Excellence grant no.: 1035261 [M.B.M.]). The Centre for Eye Research Australia is supported by the National Health & Medical Research Council of Australia (Centre of Clinical Research Excellence grant no.: 529923) and the Victorian Government (operational infrastructure support). All sponsors are located in Australia except the American Health Assistance Foundation which is located in the United States. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Author Contributions:
Conception and design: Finger, Chong, Robman, Giles, Guymer
Analysis and interpretation: Finger, Chong, McGuiness, Baird, Guymer
Data collection: Chong, Robman, Aung, Guymer
Obtained funding: none
Overall responsibility: Finger, Chong, McGuiness, Robman, Aung, Giles, Baird, Guymer
- ∗
Both Robert P. Finger, MD, PhD, and Elaine Chong, MBBS, PhD, contributed equally as first authors.