In vitro sensitivity of the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis to antifungal therapeutics☆
Section snippets
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge R. Webb for laboratory assistance, J. Voyles, G. Marantelli and M. West for involvement in collecting isolates, B. Glass, S. Robertson and S. Bell for advice on study design and interpretation and I. Beveridge for his support. Financial support was provided by the Australian Research Council and James Cook University.
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Selected Emerging Infectious Diseases of Amphibians
2020, Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal PracticeCitation Excerpt :The study also showed that 0.001% itraconazole may be too low because it remained higher than the MIC for 1 hour after application59 Itraconazole concentration-dependent toxicity at 0.01% has been noted in metamorphs, larvae, adult Wyoming toads (Anaxyrus baxteri),60 mountain yellow-legged frogs (Rana muscosa), common midwife toads (Alytes obstetricans), and striped marsh frogs (Limnodynastes peronii).61 A shallow bath treatment of 0.0025% itraconazole for 5 minutes every 24 hours for 6 days cured individuals and reduced the possible drug toxicity risk.62
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2019, Mader's Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and SurgeryVoriconazole
2016, Journal of Exotic Pet MedicineCitation Excerpt :It is surmised to be safe for tadpoles as no toxic side effects were realized with a 7-day VCZ bath for Majorcan midwife toad (A. muletensis) tadpoles at concentrations as high as 12.5 µg/mL, although treatment efficacy was not tested in this life stage.10 Since this initial study, another report confirmed in vitro efficacy of VCZ against Bd.11 The VCZ treatment of moribund southern corroboree frog (Pseudophryne corroboree) with supplementary electrolyte therapies did not increase survival rate of the animals, but time until death was extended and Bd load was significantly decreased.12
Predicting in vivo absorption of chloramphenicol in frogs using in vitro percutaneous absorption data
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This manuscript was presented in preliminary form at the Unusual and Exotic pet veterinarians (Australian Veterinary Association) annual conference, Melbourne, Australia, September 2012.