Elevated tropospheric ozone affects the concentration and allocation of mineral nutrients of two bamboo species

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.169

Science of The Total Environment

Volume 577, 15 January 2017, Pages 231-235

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.169 Get rights and content

Highlights

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Elevated O₃ altered the mineral nutrients content of different bamboos organs.
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The response of nutrient uptake to elevated O₃ varied with bamboo species.
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Proper nutrient management of bamboo forests under climate change is critical.

Abstract

The increase in tropospheric ozone (O₃) affects plant physiology and ecosystem processes, and consequently the cycle of nutrients. While mineral nutrients are critical for plant growth, the effect of elevated tropospheric O₃ concentration on the uptake and allocation of mineral nutrients by plants is not well understood. Using open top chambers (OTCs), we investigated the effect of elevated O₃ on calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe) in mature bamboo species Phyllostachys edulis and Oligostachyum lubricum. Our results showed that elevated O₃ decreased the leaf biomass of P. edulis and O. lubricum by 35.1% and 26.7%, respectively, but had no significant effect on the biomass of branches, stem or root. For P. edulis, elevated O₃ increased the nutrient (Ca, Mg and Fe) concentration and allocation in leaf but reduced the concentration in other organs. In contrast, elevated O₃ increased the nutrient concentration and allocation in the branch of O. lubricum but decreased that of other organs. We also found that that P. edulis and O. lubricum responded differently to elevated O₃ in terms of nutrient (Ca, Mg and Fe) uptake and allocation. This information is critical for nutrient management and adaptation strategies for sustainable growth of P. edulis and O. lubricum under global climate change.

Graphical abstract

Introduction

Since the industrial revolution, tropospheric ozone (O₃) concentration has increased rapidly due to anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and oxygen-containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with industrialization, transportation and urbanization (Kostiainen et al., 2006, Sitch et al., 2007, Akimotoa et al., 2015). The negative effects of elevated O₃ on plant growth are well documented. For example, elevated O₃ can impair plant leaf photosynthesis (Vandermeiren et al., 2005, Then et al., 2009, Matyssek et al., 2010), increase leaf membrane lipid peroxidation (Yan et al., 2010, Feng et al., 2015), damage leaf structures, accelerate leaf senescence (Wipfler et al., 2005, Keller et al., 2007, Shigihara et al., 2009, Zhang, 2011, Feng et al., 2014), and consequently inhibit plant growth (Manning, 2005, Witting et al., 2009). These negative impacts of elevated O₃ affect the accumulation and distribution of nutrients in plants (Soppela et al., 2007, Stafford, 2007, Weigt et al., 2012). It has been widely reported that elevated O₃ alters the distribution of major nutrients such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in plant organs (Drogoudi and Ashmore, 2001, Fangmeier et al., 2002, Heagle et al., 2003, Piikki et al., 2007, Williamson et al., 2010, Huang et al., 2012, Zheng et al., 2013, Zhang et al., 2014). However, the effect of elevated O₃ on mineral nutrients, which are crucial to healthy plant growth, has rarely been studied. For instance, Fangmeier et al. (2002) reported that elevated O₃ significantly reduced the concentration of magnesium (Mg) in the above-ground organs of Solanum tuberosum but increased it in the below-ground organs. Thomas et al. (2005) and Piikki et al. (2007) observed that elevated O₃ significantly increased the concentrations and distributions of Mg but decreased those of calcium (Ca) of potato plants. Yin et al. (2012) found that elevated O₃ significantly reduced the concentration and accumulation of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) of wheat organs. The above findings suggest that O₃-induced changes in the concentration and allocation of mineral nutrients in plants varied with species and environmental conditions.

Bamboo is an important forest resource in the tropical and subtropical regions, accounting for 3% of the forestry area. Our previous study has demonstrated that long-term elevation of O₃ caused physiological damage to two bamboo species (Phyllostachys edulis and Oligostachyum lubricum) (Zhuang et al., 2011). However, the association between such damage and the response of mineral nutrients to elevated O₃ remains unclear. This information is important for the sustainable management of bamboo ecosystem under future climate change. Su (2012) and Guo et al. (2006) demonstrated that bamboo species were sensitive to mineral nutrients (Ca, Mg and Fe) deficiency under environmental change. We therefore investigated the effect of elevated O₃ on the uptake and allocation of Ca, Mg and Fe of two bamboo species using open-top chambers (OTC). We attempt to answer the following questions: (1) Does elevated O₃ alter the concentration, accumulation, and relative distribution (to the whole plant) of Ca, Mg, and Fe of different bamboo organs; and (2) Do the responses of plant nutrient (Ca, Mg and Fe) dynamics to elevated O₃ differ between the bamboo species Phyllostachys edulis and Oligostachyum lubricum?

Section snippets

Research site and experimental design

The experiment was conducted at Hangzhou Lin'an Taihuyuan Ornamental Bamboo Planting Garden, located at Taihuyuan, Zhejiang, China (29° 56′–30° 23′ N, 118° 51′–119° 72′ E). The region has a typical central subtropical climate with an annual precipitation of 1250–1600 mm and average annual temperature of 15.4 °C.

Details of the OTCs were described in Zhuang et al. (2011) and Guo et al. (2015). Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), air temperature and relative humidity within the OTCs were

Biomass

Elevated O₃ significantly decreased the leaf biomass of both P. edulis and Q. lubricum, but had no significant effect on the biomass of other organs (Table 1). EO did not significantly affect the organ biomass rank of P. edulis, but altered that of O. lubricum. This reduction in leaf biomass of Q. lubricum altered the distribution of biomass among organs, with leaf biomass being the second lowest under ambient O₃ but the lowest under elevated O₃ (Table 1).

Fe, Ca and Mg concentrations

In general, Fe, Ca and Mg

Discussion

The effect of elevated O₃ on plant nutrient uptake has been associated with the translocation of nutrients among plant organs (Fangmeier et al., 1996, Yamaji et al., 2003). We found that high O₃ concentration significantly affected the Ca, Mg, and Fe concentrations among organs of both P. edulis and Q. lubricum. However, these two species showed contrasting responses. For P. edulis, elevated O₃ concentration increased the nutrient concentrations in leaf, but decreased the mineral nutrient

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the fundamental research funds for Central Non-Profit Research Institutes (No. RISF2014006 and RISF6915).

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Elevated tropospheric ozone affects the concentration and allocation of mineral nutrients of two bamboo species

Highlights

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Research site and experimental design

Biomass

Fe, Ca and Mg concentrations

Discussion

Acknowledgments

Environ. Pollut.

Eur. J. Agron.

Environ. Pollut.

Environ. Pollut.

Atmos. Environ.

Environ. Pollut.

Environ. Pollut.

Environ. Pollut.

Agric. Ecosyst. Environ.

J. Plant Physiol.

Environ. Pollut.

Environ. Pollut.

Environ. Pollut.

Environ. Exp. Bot.

Plant Sci.

Environ. Pollut.

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Atmos. Environ.

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New Phytol.

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