Densities, viscosities, excess molar volumes, and refractive indices of acetonitrile and 2-alkanols binary mixtures at different temperatures: Experimental results and application of the Prigogine–Flory–Patterson theory
Introduction
The thermodynamic and transport properties of liquids and liquid mixtures have been used to understand the molecular interactions between the components of the mixture and also for engineering applications concerning heat transfer, mass transfer and fluid flow [1]. Density, viscosity and refractive index data of binary liquid mixtures are very important from theoretical point of view, to understand liquid theory. Acetonitrile, alkanols, and their binary mixtures find applications as solvent in chemistry and modern technology [2].
A survey of literatures shows that there are very few reports on the density, viscosity, and refractive index of acetonitrile + 2-alkanols. This paper is a part of an ongoing research effort to measure and characterize the properties of mixtures containing 2-alkanols [3], [4], [5]. We present, here, densities, viscosities, refractive indices, excess molar volumes, viscosity and refractive index deviations of mixing for the binary mixtures of {acetonitrile + 2-alkanols} at the temperatures of 293.15, 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15 K. To the best of our knowledge, no much data are reported for mixtures with acetonitrile and 2-alkanols at the comparable conditions of this study.
Section snippets
Materials purities and suppliers
Acetonitrile (mass fraction > 0.99), 2-propanol (mass fraction 0.99), 2-butanol (mass fraction 0.99), 2-pentanol (mass fraction > 99), 2-hexanol (mass fraction > 0.99) and 2-heptanol (mass fraction > 0.99) were purchased from Merck and used without further purifications. The experimental densities, viscosities and refractive indices at 298.15 K of the pure materials are presented in Table 1 along with the corresponding literature values [2], [3], [6], [7], [8].
Apparatus and procedure
Densities of the pure liquids and their
Densities and excess molar volumes
The excess molar volumes of the solutions of molar composition x were calculated from the densities of the pure liquids and their mixtures according to the following equationwhere ρ is the density of the mixture, ρi is the density of pure component i, xi is the mole fraction, Mi is the molar mass of component i, and N stands for the number of components in the mixture.
The corresponding values of binary mixtures of [x1 acetonitrile + (1 − x1) 2-alkanols] measured at
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