Thermodynamic study on some alkanediol solutions: Measurement and modeling
Introduction
Most of liquid mixtures are non ideal and indicates particular behavior. In the last decade, large number of researches has been done on interpretation of non ideality behavior of solutions. In comparison to gas and solid, liquids are much more complicated state of the matter in nature because a diverse kind of interactions can be influenced in solution behavior [1]. The thermophysical properties of solutions including density, viscosity and their corresponding volumetric and viscosimetric properties such as excess molar volume and excess viscosity are useful in the study of molecular dynamic and molecular interaction [2], [3], [4]. These solution properties not only depended on solute-solute, solvent-solvent, and solute-solvent interactions, but also on the structural effect arising from interstitial accommodation owing to difference in volume and free volume between components present in the solution [5]. Moreover, investigation on the thermophysical properties is essential for designing, testing, and extending of theoretical models for fluid mixtures [6], [7], [8], [9]. From the industrial view point, many processes require accurate thermodynamic and transport values of liquids which are indispensable for many practical problem concerning heat transport, mass transport, fluid flow, and pipeline systems [10], [11].
Alkanediols are the class of materials with the ability to form intra molecular hydrogen bonding within their molecules and also the tendency to form hydrogen bonding with other molecules of component. It is of great importance to perform a study on the mixtures involving alkanediols over the entire range of composition and temperature in order to see the effects of various parameters on the extension of hydrogen bonding of alkanediol mixtures which is influenced by some properties such as temperature, composition and structures. Moreover, alkanediols play an important role in industry that below we note to some of their properties and applications. 1,2-Ethanediol (ethylene glycol), 1,2-propanediol and 1,3–propanediol are members of alkanediol family which are produced by the vapor-phase oxidation of ethylene, by the hydration of propylene oxide derived from propylene by chlorohydrins process, and by the catalytic solution phase hydration of acrolein followed by reduction [12], respectively. Also, in recent years, many researchers have been attempting to find commercial method to produce 1,2-propanediol and 1,3-propanediol from biodiesel [13], [14]. The major applications of the investigated alkanediols in industry are as antifreezer, coolant, plasticizer, humectant, solvent and extractor in automotive, and also in tobacco, cosmetic, and petroleum industry [15], [16], [17]. Molecular structures of the studied alkanediols are shown in Fig. 1.
Many researchers have studied various binary solutions consisting 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, and 1,3-propanediol. George et al. [18] reported the density and dynamic viscosity, as well as speeds of sound and relative permittivities of water with alkanediols within the temperature range (298.15 to 338.15) K. Edward et al. [19] determined acoustic and thermodynamic properties of 1,2-propanediol and 1,3-propanediol at different temperatures and pressures. The Li group studied the density and excess properties of 1,4-butanediol with 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol and 1,3-propanediol over the whole composition range [20]. Density and excess molar volume of Glycerol with 1,2-propanediol or 1,3-propanediol at various temperatures were studied by Li et al. [21]. Yang et al. [15] and Kapadi et al. [22] measured the density, viscosity and excess properties of the water with 1,2-ethanediol and 1,2-propanediol at different temperatures, respectively. Doghaei and coworkers investigated the density, viscosity, and volumetric properties of some alkanediols and alcohols binary mixtures at different temperatures [23]. Moreover, Survey of the more literature shows that many thermophysical properties of the other alkanediol mixtures have been reported [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29].
In this work, the experimental values of densities ρ and viscosities η of 1,2-ethanediol + 1,2-propanediol, + 1,3-propanediol and 1,2-propnediol + 1,3-propanediol binary mixtures over the entire concentration range and temperatures of (298.15 to 308.15) K were reported. The excess molar volume , coefficient of thermal expansion αp, excess coefficient of thermal expansion , isothermal coefficient of excess molar enthalpy , partial molar volume , partial molar volume at infinite dilution , apparent molar volume Vφi, excess viscosity ηE and excess Gibbs energy of activation ΔG*E were calculated from the obtained experimental results. The values of have been fitted to the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation to drive binary coefficients and estimate the standard deviation between experimental and calculated results. Moreover, Prigogine–Flory–Patterson (PFP) model has been applied to for the present binary mixtures and the calculated PFP excess molar volumes were analyzed to determine the different parameters affecting values. Furthermore, the viscosities of these binary mixtures were calculated theoretically using various semi-empirical relations such as Grunberg–Nissan, Tamura–Kurata, Hind–Ubbelohde and Katti–Chaudhary and also the obtained results were compared with the experimental data.
Section snippets
Materialsvd
1,3-propanediol was purchased from Merck. 1,2-Ethanediol and 1,2-propanediol were supplied by Fluka. The purity of these chemicals was higher than 98% and their water content was around 0.2%. All these compounds were used without further purification and the purities were verified by comparing the measured normal boiling points. The water content of the chemicals was measured with Kyoto mks-210 Karl Fischer instrument in order to be aware of the nature of impurities and their effect on
Results and discussion
The experimental values of densities along with their corresponding volumetric properties including coefficient of thermal expansion αp, excess molar volume , partial molar volume , and apparent molar volume Vφi for binary mixtures of ethylene glycol + 1,2-propanediol or 1,3-propanediol and 1,2-propanediol + 1,3-propanediol as a function of mole fraction at temperatures 298.15, 308.15, and 308.15 K are reported in Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, respectively.
Density is the physical character of
Conclusion
This paper reports experimental data of densities and viscosities of 1,2-ethanediol + 1,2-propanediol or 1,3-propanediol and 1,2-propanediol + 1,3-propanediol binary mixtures over the whole composition range at temperatures (298.15 to 308.15) K with 5 K interval. The values of the pure components generally agree with the available literature data. The experimental values were used to compute the volumetric and viscosimetric parameters including the excess molar volume , partial molar volume
Acknowledgment
The financial support from University of Mazandaran is gratefully acknowledged.
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