The study of excess molar volumes and related properties for binary mixtures containing benzyl alcohol and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol with vinyl acetate, ethyl acetate and t-butyl acetate at T = 293.15 to 313.15 K and P = 0.087 MPa
Graphical abstract
Introduction
The study of thermophysical properties of liquid mixtures is growing day by day since this type of considerations gives us a better understanding about interactions between molecules in mixtures. The studies on volumetric and thermodynamic properties of alcohols and esters binary mixtures are increasing [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]. Alcohols are identified as polar associated liquids with ability of hydrogen-bond formation while esters are known as compounds including both carbonyl and alkyl groups so that recognizing the interactions between these components in solutions are helpful to develop theories concerning our knowledge about liquid mixtures.
Benzyl alcohol is used as a general solvent for inks, paints, lacquers, and epoxy resin coatings. It is also a precursor to a variety of esters, used in the soap, perfume, and flavor industries. It is also used as a photographic developer and as a bacteriostatic preservative at low concentration in intravenous medications, cosmetics and topical drugs. 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol has several applications in glycerol, celluloid and plastics production and also in pharmacy. Ethyl acetate is a solvent which is used in glues, nail polish removers, decaffeinating tea and coffee, and cigarettes. Vinyl acetate is an organic compound which is the precursor to polyvinyl acetate, an important polymer in industry. Tert-butyl acetate is used as a solvent in the production of enamels, inks, adhesives, thinners and industrial cleaners.
In our previous work we reported volumetric properties for binary mixtures of 1-propanol and i-butanol with vinyl, ethyl and t-butyl acetate [11].
There are rare experimental data for volumetric properties of binary mixtures including benzyl alcohol or 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol with vinyl, ethyl and t-butyl acetate in the literature. So we were interesting to do this study on volumetric properties of these systems.
Section snippets
Materials
Table 1 includes the properties of used materials. All solutions were prepared afresh by mass using an analytical balance (Sartorius, CP224S, Germany) with a standard uncertainty of 10−4 g. The average uncertainty in the mole fraction of the mixtures was estimated to be less than ±0.003. Caution was taken to prevent evaporation of the sample after preparation. Measurements were performed immediately after preparation of solutions.
Apparatus
Densities were measured using a U-tube vibrating densitometer
Results and discussion
Table 2 lists the values of measured and reported densities [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25] for pure materials. Fig. 1 shows deviation graph which compares our values with literature for density at different temperatures. Deviations are calculated using following equation:where ρexp and ρ report stand for measured and reported densities, respectively.
Table 2 and Fig. 1
Conclusion
In this work we considered volumetric properties of six binary mixtures including benzyl alcohol and/or 1,3 dichloro-2-propanol with vinyl, ethyl and t-butyl acetate. Densities were measured over temperature range (293.15–313.15) K and at constant pressure of 0.087 MPa. All mixtures showed negative excess volumes which are attributed to dominance of attractive interactions to structural factors. Also thermal expansion coefficients and their relevant excess values are appraised. The excess
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