The main differences between various emulsification devices are discussed.
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The mechanism of ultrasonic emulsification is discussed.
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Sonication parameters influenced the physicochemical properties of emulsions.
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Emulsion production using ultrasound and various emulsifiers is discussed.
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The challenges and future trends of ultrasonic emulsification are discussed.
Abstract
Background
Emulsion systems are widely applied in food industry. Several methods have been used for emulsion preparation. Among these methods, high intensity ultrasound (HIU) has attracted much attention because it is considered as an eco-friendly and cost-effective method. The acoustic cavitation phenomenon induced by HIU devices can boost the disruption of oil droplets, facilitating the formation of stable emulsions.
Scope and approach
This review briefly discusses the major differences between different emulsification devices and the mechanism of ultrasound emulsification process. In addition, emulsion preparation using different emulsifiers such as proteins, polysaccharides and surfactants has been covered in this review. The challenges and future trends of ultrasonic emulsification have also been discussed.
Key findings and conclusions
HIU could be used to improve the emulsifying properties of food emulsifiers such as proteins and polysaccharides and enhance the stability of their emulsions. Protein-polysaccharide complex stabilized emulsions produced by HIU showed better stability against environmental stresses than the emulsions stabilized by individual components. Moreover, several studies showed that HIU homogenizers were more energy efficient than high pressure homogenizers and microfluidizers. However, research cooperation between academic institutes and food companies is recommended to develop effective large scale ultrasonic devices.