Elsevier

Virology

Volume 410, Issue 2, 20 February 2011, Pages 429-436
Virology

Phenotypes and functions of persistent Sendai virus-induced antibody forming cells and CD8+ T cells in diffuse nasal-associated lymphoid tissue typify lymphocyte responses of the gut

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2010.12.017Get rights and content
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Abstract

Lymphocytes of the diffuse nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (d-NALT) are uniquely positioned to tackle respiratory pathogens at their point-of-entry, yet are rarely examined after intranasal (i.n.) vaccinations or infections. Here we evaluate an i.n. inoculation with Sendai virus (SeV) for elicitation of virus-specific antibody forming cells (AFCs) and CD8+ T cells in the d-NALT. Virus-specific AFCs and CD8+ T cells each appeared by day 7 after SeV inoculation and persisted for 8 months, explaining the long-sustained protection against respiratory virus challenge conferred by this vaccine. AFCs produced IgM, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgA, while CD8+ T cells were cytolytic and produced low levels of cytokines. Phenotypic analyses of virus-specific T cells revealed striking similarities with pathogen-specific immune responses in the intestine, highlighting some key features of adaptive immunity at a mucosal site.

Keywords

Nasal associated lymphoid tissue
CD8+ T cell
Tetramer
Antibody forming cell
Cytolytic
Homing marker
Activation marker
Vaccination
Durability
Protection

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Authors contributed equally to this manuscript.