White paper on guidelines concerning enteric nervous system stem cell therapy for enteric neuropathies☆
Keywords
Cited by (0)
- ☆
Authorship note. AMG, DFN, LS, KHS, MM, RH, HMY, PWA and NT are lead authors on Introduction, 1 What are the target diseases for stem cell transplantation?, 1.1 Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), 1.2 Esophageal achalasia, 1.3 Gastroparesis, 1.4 Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, 1.5 Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO), 1.6 Neurogenic constipation and age-related loss of enteric neurons, 1.7 Chagas disease, 1.8 Other enteric neuropathies, 1.9 Phenotyping and genotyping of enteric neuropathies, 1.10 Conclusion, 1.10 Conclusion, 2.1 Cell, tissue and organ culture models for ENS formation, 2.1.1 Models of cells with ENS-forming competence, 2.1.2 Models of the bowel with enteric neuropathy, 2.1.3 Cells with ENS-forming competence, and affected bowel: models that bring the two together, 2.2 Whole animal models of ENS pathologies, 2.2.1 Rodent models, 2.2.2 Avian and Fish models, 2.2.3 Porcine models, 2.2.4 Chemically-induced models, 2.3 Conclusions, 3 What is the optimal source of stem cells for enteric neuronal replacement?, 3.1 Enteric nervous system neural stem/progenitor cells, 3.2 Non-ENS neural stem/progenitor cells, 3.3 Central nervous system (CNS) neural stem cells, 3.4 Pluripotent stem cells, 3.5 Other neural crest-derived stem cells sources, 4 Identifying, selecting, harvesting and optimizing isolation of gut-derived ENS progenitors/stem cells, 4.1 Optimizing, propagating, and priming stem cells prior to transplantation, 4.2 Conclusions, 5 How are “neurospheres”, and the neural progenitors within them, best characterized?, 5.1 Characterisation of neurosphere-like bodies (NLBs) from animal models, 5.2 Characterisation of human NLBs, 5.3 What can the ENS field learn from the CNS field concerning neurosphere characterization?, 6 What is the best way to deliver stem cells to the gut?, 6.1 Injection of cell suspension into the gut wall, 6.1.1 Seromuscular approach, 6.1.2 Intraluminal approach (Endoscopic approach), 6.2 Implantation of neurospheres into the gut wall, 6.3 Serosal application, 6.4 Intraperitoneal injection, 6.5 Vascular approach, 7 How do we measure cell transplantation success?, 7.1 Animal models, 7.2 Human patients with enteric neuropathies, 8 How can cell safety be assessed?, 9 Conclusions: the prospect of human trials.