Chapter 1 Current status of purinergic signalling in the nervous system

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The chapter discusses the current status of purinergic signaling in the nervous system. Implicit in the concept of purinergic neurotransmission is the existence of postjunctional purinergic receptors. There is still more to be learned about the distribution of P2X receptor subtypes in different tissues. The knowledge of the distribution based on northern blots and in situ hybridization methodology is valuable, but now the selective antibodies are becoming available, immunolabeling at both light and electron microscope levels is giving significant new information in this field. For example, P2X, receptors were previously not considered to be present in the brain; however, recent cytochemical studies of the cerebellum show clear evidence of synaptic transmission involving this receptor. It has also become clear that ATP receptors in vascular smooth muscle are not only of subtype P2X1, but P2X2 and P2X4 receptors have also been demonstrated. Most studies of fast signaling in the nervous system have been concerned with the role of ATP as a cotransmitter.

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