Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-5xszh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T16:02:31.030Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Political Culture–from Civic Culture to Mass Culture

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 January 2009

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Review Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Barry, B., Sociologists, Economists, and Democracy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978), p. 51.Google Scholar

2 de Tocqueville, A., Democracy in America, Volume II (New York: Knopf, 1945), p. 8Google Scholar. It is a view whose origins are most frequently ascribed to Herder, J. G., see Reflections on the Philosophy of the History of Mankind (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968; originally published in 1791).Google Scholar

3 Wildavsky, A., ‘Choosing Preferences by Constructing Institutions: A Cultural Theory of Preference Formation’, American Political Science Review, 81 (1987), 421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

4 Almond, G. A. and Verba, S., The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1963).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

5 Negrine, R., Politics and the Mass Media in Britain (London: Routledge, 1989), chap. 1CrossRefGoogle Scholar; also Miller, W., Media and Voters: The Audience, Content and Influence of Press and Television at the 1987 General Election (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991).Google Scholar

6 See, for example, Rorty, R., Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

7 The books which relate more or less directly to The Civic Culture are: Almond, G. A. and Verba, S., The Civic Culture Revisited (London: Sage, 1989)Google Scholar; Gibbins, J. R., ed., Contemporary Political Culture (London: Sage, 1989)Google Scholar; and Welch, S., The Concept of Political Culture (Basingstoke, Hants: Macmillan, 1993)CrossRefGoogle Scholar. These last two also suggest alternative approaches, as do: Thompson, J. B., Ideology and Modern Culture (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990)Google Scholar; Bell, D., Acts of Union: Youth Culture and Sectarianism in Northern Ireland (Basingstoke, Hants: Macmillan, 1990)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Hughes, E., ed., Culture and Politics in Northern Ireland 1960–1990 (Milton Keynes, Bucks: Open University Press, 1991)Google Scholar; Waters, C., British Socialists and the Politics of Popular Culture, 1884–1914 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1990)Google Scholar; and Merelman, R. M., Partial Visions: Culture and Politics in Britain, Canada, and the United States (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1991).Google Scholar

8 See Welch, , The Concept of Political Culture, for insightful discussions of particular case studies.Google Scholar

9 Inglehart, R., The Silent Revolution (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977)Google Scholar. Challenges to the Inglehart thesis appear in, among other places, Gibbins, , ed., Contemporary Political Culture–especially the chapter by B. Reimer, pp. 110–26.Google Scholar

10 See, for example, Parry, G., Moyser, G. and Day, N., Political Participation and Democracy in Britain (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), pp. 179–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar, and Topf, R. ‘Political Change and Political Culture in Britain, 1959–87’Google Scholar, in Gibbins, ed., Contemporary Political Culture, pp. 5280.Google Scholar

11 Almond, and Verba, , Civic Culture, p. 13.Google Scholar

12 Almond, and Verba, , Civic Culture, p. 15.Google Scholar

13 Almond, and Verba, , Civic Culture, p. 74.Google Scholar

14 Almond, and Verba, , Civic Culture, p. 8.Google Scholar

15 Almond, and Verba, , Civic Culture, p. 21.Google Scholar

16 Barry, , Sociologists, Economists, and Democracy, pp. 4950.Google Scholar

17 Almond, and Verba, , Civic Culture, p. 31.Google Scholar

18 Almond, and Verba, , Civic Culture, p. 50.Google Scholar

19 Almond, and Verba, , Civic Culture, p. 32.Google Scholar

20 Almond, and Verba, , Civic Culture, p. 300.Google Scholar

21 Almond, and Verba, , Civic Culture, p. 33.Google Scholar

22 Lijphart, A., ‘The Structure of Inference’Google Scholar, in Almond, and Verba, , eds, The Civic Culture Revisited, pp. 3756, especially p. 41.Google Scholar

23 Pateman, C., ‘The Civic Culture: A Philosophic Critique’Google Scholar, in Almond, and Verba, , eds, The Civic Culture Revisited, pp. 57102, especially pp. 67–8.Google Scholar

24 Barry, , Sociologists, Economists, and Democracy, p. 48.Google Scholar

25 Welch, , The Concept of Political Culture, p. 71Google Scholar; see chap. 1 for his critique of The Civic Culture.

26 Lipjhart, , ‘The Structure of Inference’, p. 38.Google Scholar

27 Phillips, A., Engendering Democracy (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991).Google Scholar

28 Pateman, , ‘The Civic Culture: A Philosophic Critique’, pp. 66–7.Google Scholar

29 Barry, , Sociologists, Economists, and Democracy, pp. 51–2.Google Scholar

30 Wiatr, J. J., ‘The Civic Culture from a Marxist-Sociological Perspective’Google Scholar, in Almond, and Verba, , eds, The Civic Culture Revisited, pp. 103–23, especially p. 114.Google Scholar

31 Pateman, , ‘The Civic Culture: A Philosophic Critique’, p. 84.Google Scholar

32 Lijphart, , ‘The Structure of Inference’, p. 49.Google Scholar

33 Welch, , The Concept of Political Culture, chap. 6.Google Scholar

34 Almond, and Verba, , The Civic Culture, pp. 380–1, 386, 395, 399.Google Scholar

35 Pateman, , ‘The Civic Culture: A Philosophic Critique’, pp. 6970.Google Scholar

36 Exceptions include Marsh, A., Protest and Political Consciousness (London: Sage, 1977)Google Scholar and Inglehart, , The Silent Revolution.Google Scholar

37 Brown, A., ‘Introduction’, in Brown, A. and Gray, J., eds, Political Culture and Political Change in Communist States (Basingstoke, Hants: Macmillan, 1979), pp. 37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

38 See, for example, Elster, Jon's fleeting reference to culture in The Cement of Society (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), pp. 248–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

39 Robertson, D., The Penguin Dictionary of Politics (Harmondsworth, Midx: Penguin, 1985), p. 263.Google Scholar

40 Rose, R., Politics in England: An Interpretation for the 1980s (London: Faber, 1980), pp. 116–17.Google Scholar

41 Kavanagh, D., British Politics: Continuities and Change (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985), p. 46, emphasis added.Google Scholar

42 Topf, , ‘Political Change and Political Culture in Britain, 1959–87’, p. 53.Google Scholar

41 Topf, , ‘Political Change and Political Culture’, p. 67.Google Scholar

44 Girvin, B., ‘Change and Continuity in Liberal Democratic Political Culture’Google Scholar, in Gibbins, , ed., Contemporary Political Culture, pp. 3151.Google Scholar

45 Merelman, , Partial Visions, pp. 4556.Google Scholar

46 Merelman, , Partial Visions, p. 55.Google Scholar

47 See, for example, Kavanagh's claim that if ‘symbols arouse emotions and have a meaning for people they have political consequences’, British Politics, p. 51.Google Scholar

48 Thompson, , Ideology and Modern Culture, p. 58.Google Scholar

49 Williams, R., ‘Culture is Ordinary’, in Resources of Hope (London: Verso, 1989), p. 4Google Scholar; see also, Williams, R., Culture (London: Fontana, 1981).Google ScholarPubMed

50 Welch, , The Concept of Political CultureGoogle Scholar, reaches a similar position by a different route, drawing on the anthropological insights of Clifford Geertz.

51 Willis, Paul, Common Culture (Milton Keynes, Bucks: Open University Press, 1990), p. 6.Google Scholar

52 Kavanagh, D., ‘Political Culture in Britain’Google Scholar, in Almond, and Verba, , eds, The Civic Culture Revisited, pp. 124–76, especially p. 133.Google Scholar

53 Wildavsky, , ‘Choosing Preferences by Constructing Institutions’Google Scholar; it is worth noting that Wildavsky is himself drawing on the work of Mary Douglas; see, for example, Risk and Blame: Essays in Cultural Theory (London: Routledge, 1992).Google Scholar

54 Smith, A. D., National Identity (Harmondsworth, Midx: Penguin, 1991), pp. 91–2, his emphasis.Google Scholar

55 Anderson, B., Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (London: Verso, 1983), p. 15, his emphasis.Google Scholar

56 Boyle, K., ‘Northern Ireland: Allegiances and Identities’, in Crick, B., ed., National Identities: The Constitution of the United Kingdom (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991), pp. 6878, especially at p. 68.Google Scholar

57 Quoted in McAuley, J., ‘Cuchullain and an RPG-7: The Ideology and Politics of the Ulster Defence Association’Google Scholar, in Hughes, , ed., Culture and Politics in Northern Ireland, pp. 4568, especially p. 60.Google Scholar

58 Bell, , Acts of Union, p. 11.Google Scholar

59 Bell, , Acts of Union, p. 20.Google Scholar

60 Bell, , Acts of Union, p. 23, emphasis added.Google Scholar

61 Ruane, J. and Todd, J., ‘“Why Can't You Get Along with Each Other?” Culture, Structure and the Northern Ireland Conflict’Google Scholar, in Hughes, , ed., Culture and Politics in Northern Ireland, pp. 2744.Google Scholar

62 Ruane, and Todd, , ‘“Why Can't You Get Along…?”’, p. 28.Google Scholar

63 Ruane, and Todd, , ‘“Why Can't You Get Along…?”’, p. 34.Google Scholar

64 Beetham, D., The Legitimation of Power (Basingstoke, Hants: Macmillan, 1991), p. 106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

65 Welch, , The Concept of Political Culture, pp. 131 and 135Google Scholar; also Thompson, , Ideology and Modern Culture, p. 268.Google Scholar

66 See, for example, Giddens, A., Centra! Problems in Social Theory (London: Macmillan, 1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

67 See Hollis, M. and Smith, S., Explaining and Understanding International Relations (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991)Google Scholar and Alexander, J. C., ‘Analytic Debates: Understanding the Relative Autonomy of Culture’, in Alexander, Jeffrey C. and Seidman, Steven, eds, Culture and Society: Contemporary Debates (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), pp. 127.Google Scholar

68 Wiener, M., English Culture and the Decline of the Industrial Spirit 1850–1980 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), p. 158Google Scholar. Welch considers historical approaches to political culture and draws more positive conclusions: The Concept of Political Culture, pp. 147–58.Google Scholar

69 Currie, R., Industrial Politics (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1979).Google Scholar

70 Boyce, G., ‘Northern Ireland: A Place Apart?’Google Scholar, in Hughes, , ed., Culture and Politics in Northern Ireland, pp. 1326, especially p. 16.Google Scholar

71 Grossberg, L., We Gotta Get Out of This Place: Popular Conservatism and Postmodern Culture (London: Routledge, 1992), pp. 82–3.Google Scholar

72 This sort of claim is most boldly stated by two other cultural analysts, Simon Frith and Howard Horne, who write: ‘People's sense of themselves has always come from the use of images and symbols (signs of nation, class and sexuality)’, Art into Pop (London: Methuen, 1987), p. 16.Google Scholar

73 Grossberg, , We Gotta Get Out of This Place, pp. 4852.Google Scholar

74 Merelman, , Partial Visions, p. 193; see also p. 213.Google Scholar

75 Merelman, , Partial Visions, pp. 36–7.Google Scholar

76 Merelman, , Partial Visions, pp. 810.Google Scholar

77 Merelman, , Partial Visions, p. 8.Google Scholar

78 Waters, , British Socialists and the Politics of Popular Culture, p. 3.Google Scholar

79 All quotations are from Waters, , British Socialists and the Politics of Popular Culture, pp. 135–7.Google Scholar

80 Waters, , British Socialists and the Politics of Popular Culture, p. 163.Google Scholar

81 Smith, , National Identity, p. 93.Google Scholar

82 O'Dowd, L., ‘Intellectuals and Political Culture: A Unionist Nationalist Comparison’Google Scholar, in Hughes, , ed., Culture and Politics in Northern Ireland, pp. 151–73, especially p. 156.Google Scholar

83 Pekonen, K., ‘Symbols and Politics as Culture in the Modern Situation: The Problem and Prospects of the “New”Google Scholar, in Gibbins, , ed., Contemporary Political Culture, pp. 127–43, especially pp. 137–40.Google Scholar

84 Thompson, , Ideology and Modern Culture, pp. 219.Google Scholar

85 Thompson, , Ideology and Modern Culture, pp. 34 and 216.Google Scholar

86 Pekonen, , ‘Symbols and Politics as Culture’, p. 140.Google Scholar

87 Thompson, , Ideology and Modern Culture, p. 238.Google Scholar

88 Thompson, , Ideology and Modern Culture, p. 265.Google Scholar

89 Welch's excellent The Concept of Political Culture is the best representative.