¹ Political Unification: A Comparative Study of Leaders and Forces (New York, 1965), xviii.

² Nationalism and Social Communication: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Nationality (Cambridge Mass., 1953); Political Community at the International Level: Problems of Definition and Measurement (Garden City, NY, 1954).

³ Deutsch, et al., Political Community and the North Atlantic Area: International Organization in the Light of Historical Experience (Princeton, 1957).Google Scholar

⁴ (Philadelphia, 1964).

⁵ Introduction to Kuper, and Smith, M. G., eds., Pluralism in Africa (Berkeley, 1969), 14.Google Scholar

⁶ Haas, , The Uniting of Europe: Political, Social, and Economic Forces, 1950–57 (Stanford, 1958), 16Google Scholar; Etzioni, Political Unification, 6. See also Lindberg, Leon N., The Political Dynamics of European Economic Integration (Stanford, 1963), 109.Google Scholar

⁷ Political Community and the North Atlantic Area, 5–9.

⁸ Political Unification, 4.

⁹ Political Community at the International Level, 33; see also Political Community and the North Atlantic Area, 5–7.

¹⁰ The Uniting of Europe, 16.

¹¹ See Nye, Joseph S. Jr., “Comparative Regional Integration: Concept and Measurement,” International Organization, XXII, no. 4 (Autumn 1968), 871.Google Scholar

¹² The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations (Princeton, 1963), 14–15. See also Kim, Young C., “The Concept of Political Culture in Comparative Politics,” Journal of Politics, XXVI, no. 2 (May 1964), 313–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹³ Nationalism and Social Communication, 13.

¹⁴ Ibid., 62, 71.

¹⁵ Political Community and the North Atlantic Area, 58, 66.

¹⁶ European Union and United States Foreign Policy: A Study in Sociological Jurisprudence (New York, 1954), 110–11.

¹⁷ “The Influence of Values in Political Integration,” in Jacob and Toscano, The Integration of Political Communities, 209–10.

¹⁸ “Comparative Political Systems,” Journal of Politics, XVIII, no. 3 (Aug. 1956), 398–9, 405–8. See also Almond and Verba, The Civic Culture, 134; Almond, , “Political Systems and Political Change,” American Behavioral Scientist, VI, no. 5 (June 1963), 9–10Google Scholar; Almond, and Powell, G. Bingham Jr., Comparative Politics: A Developmental Approach (Boston, 1966), 259–66.Google Scholar

¹⁹ The Functions of Social Conflict (Glencoe, Ill., 1956), 78–9.

²⁰ Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics (Garden City, 1963), 77.

²¹ The Governmental Process: Political Interests and Public Opinion (New York, 1951), 508–16.

²² “National Integration and Political Development,” American Political Science Review, LVIII, no. 3 (Sept. 1964), 630.

²³ Political Parties and National Integration in Tropical Africa (Berkeley, 1964), 9.

²⁴ The Uniting of Europe, xv–xvi.

²⁵ Haas, and Schmitter, Philippe C., “Economics and Differential Patterns of Political Integration: Projections about Unity in Latin America,” International Organization, XVIII, no. 4 (Autumn 1964), 711–19, 726.Google Scholar To the original nine factors, three were added in a subsequent research note: Mario Barrera and Haas, “The Operationalization of Some Variables Related to Regional Integration: A Research Note,” ibid., XXIII, no. 1 (Spring 1969), 150–60.

²⁶ The Uniting of Europe, 286.

²⁷ “The Uniting of Europe and the Uniting of Latin America,” Journal of Common Market Studies, V, no. 4 (June 1967), especially 327–8. See also Hansen, Roger D., “Regional Integration: Reflections on a Decade of Theoretical Efforts,” World Politics, XXI, no. 2 (Jan. 1969), 242–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

²⁸ Political Unification, 35.

²⁹ Political Community and the North Atlantic Area, 46–7, 125.

³⁰ Ibid., 159.

³¹ Political Unification, 22, 35.

³² Ibid., 36.

³³ Federal Government (4th ed., New York, 1964), 38–9, 44. See also Teune, Henry, “The Future of Federalism: Federalism and Political Integration,” in Earle, Valerie, ed., Federalism: Infinite Variety in Theory and Practice (Itasca, Ill., 1968), especially 216–20.Google Scholar

³⁴ Federalism: Origin, Operation, Significance (Boston, 1964), 12–16, 129–36.

³⁵ Ibid., 15–16 (italics added).

³⁶ Ibid., 108, 129–36.

³⁷ Lijphart, , “Typologies of Democratic Systems,” Comparative Political Studies, I, no. 1 (April 1968), 17–35Google Scholar; “Consociational Democracy,” World Politics, XXI, no. 2 (Jan. 1969), 207–25. See also Lijphart, , The Politics of Accommodation: Pluralism and Democracy in the Netherlands (Berkeley, 1968)Google Scholar, especially chaps. 1 and 10.

³⁸ Lehmbruch, , Proporzdemokratie: Politisches System und politische Kultur in der Schweiz und in Österreich (Tübingen, 1967)Google Scholar; Bluhm, , “Political Integration, Cultural Integration, and Economic Development: Their Relationship in the Nation-Building Experience of Republican Austria,” paper presented at the eighth World Congress of the International Political Science Association, Munich, 1970.Google Scholar See also Steiner, Jürg, Gewaltlose Politik und kulturelle Vielfalt: Hypothesen entwickelt am Beispiel der Schweiz (Bern, 1970)Google Scholar; Stiefbold, Rodney, “Elite-Mass Opinion Structure and Communication Flow in a Consociational Democracy (Austria),” paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, DC, 1968Google Scholar; and Powell, and Stiefbold, , “Social Structure and Political Conflict in Austrian Community Systems: A Preliminary Report,” paper presented at the eighth World Congress of the International Political Science Association, Munich, 1970.Google Scholar

³⁹ “The Waning of Opposition in Parliamentary Regimes,” Social Research, XXIV, no. 2 (Summer 1957), 137.

⁴⁰ Political Oppositions in Western Democracies (New Haven, 1966), 358–9.

⁴¹ “Federal Political Systems and Federal Societies,” World Politics, XX, no. 4 (July 1968), 729. See also Noel, S. J. R., “Political Parties and Elite Accommodation: Interpretations of Canadian Federalism,” paper presented at the annual meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association, Winnipeg, 1970.Google Scholar

⁴² Politics in West Africa (London, 1965), 74, 79, 81.

⁴³ A Theory of Political Integration (Homewood, Ill., 1967), 79, 112.

⁴⁴ Political Community at the International Level, 39–40. See also Nye, “Comparative Regional Integration,” 862–3.

⁴⁵ Political Community and the North Atlantic Area, 29–31.

⁴⁶ Political Unification, 11.

⁴⁷ Ibid., 30.

⁴⁸ “Decision-Making and Integration in the European Community,” International Organization, XIX, no. 1 (Winter 1965), 80.

⁴⁹ “The Uniting of Europe and the Uniting of Latin America,” 330.

⁵⁰ The Uniting of Europe, 17.

⁵¹ “An Analysis of the Deutsch Sociocausal Paradigm of Political Integration,” International Organization, XXIII, no. 2 (Spring 1969), 254–90.

⁵² Lijphart, “Typologies of Democratic Systems,” 28–9. This is also one of Riker's three conditions.

⁵³ Political Community and the North Atlantic Area, 44–6.

⁵⁴ Haas and Schmitter, “Economics and Differential Patterns of Political Integration,” 711.

⁵⁵ Deutsch et al., Political Community and the North Atlantic Area, 37–9; Etzioni, Political Unification, 294–300. See also Russett, Bruce M., International Regions and the International System: A Study in Political Ecology (Chicago, 1967) 22.Google Scholar

⁵⁶ Lijphart, “Typologies of Democratic Systems,” 17–18.

⁵⁷ “Political Integration, Cultural Integration, and Economic Development,” 24.

⁵⁸ “On Building Consociational Nations: The Cases of the Netherlands and Switzerland,” paper presented at the UNESCO Meeting of Experts on the Problems of State Formation and Nation-Building, Cérisy-la-Salle, 1970, p. 16 (italics omitted).

⁵⁹ See Dahl, Political Oppositions in Western Democracies, 358n.

⁶⁰ Cf. Etzioni's distinction between the political culture and the general culture of a group.

⁶¹ A number of useful measures for this purpose are proposed in Rae, Douglas W. and Taylor's, Michael recent book The Analysis of Political Cleavages (New Haven, 1970).Google Scholar