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Morphodynamic development and sediment budget of the Dutch Wadden Sea over the last century

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 March 2014

E.P.L. Elias ,
A.J.F. van der Spek ,
Z.B. Wang  and
J. de Ronde
E.P.L. Elias*
Affiliation:
Deltares, P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH Delft, the Netherlands.
A.J.F. van der Spek
Affiliation:
Deltares, P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH Delft, the Netherlands. Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600GA Delft, the Netherlands. UNESCO-IHE, Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3051, 2601 DA Delft, the Netherlands.
Z.B. Wang
Affiliation:
Deltares, P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH Delft, the Netherlands. Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600GA Delft, the Netherlands.
J. de Ronde
Affiliation:
Deltares, P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH Delft, the Netherlands.
*
Email: edwin.elias@deltares.nl.
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Abstract

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The availability of nearly 100 years of bathymetric measurements allows the analysis of the morphodynamic evolution of the Dutch Wadden Sea under rising sea level and increasing human constraint. The historically observed roll-over mechanisms of landward barrier and coastline retreat cannot be sustained naturally due to numerous erosion control measures that have fixed the tidal basin and barrier dimensions. Nevertheless, the large continuous sedimentation in the tidal basins (nearly 600 million m3), the retained inlets and the similar channel-shoal characteristics of the basins during the observation period indicate that the Wadden Sea is resilient to anthropogenic influence, and can import sediment volumes even larger than those needed to compensate the present rate of sea-level rise. The largest sedimentation occurs in the Western Wadden Sea, where the influence of human intervention is dominant. The large infilling rates in closed-off channels, and along the basin shoreline, rather than a gradual increase in channel flat heights, render it likely that this sedimentation is primarily a response to the closure of the Zuiderzee and not an adaptation to sea-level rise. Most of the sediments were supplied by the ebb-tidal deltas. It is, however, unlikely that the sediment volume needed to reach a new equilibrium morphology in the Western Wadden Sea can be delivered by the remaining ebb-tidal deltas alone.

Keywords

Wadden Seamorphodynamicstidal basinsebb-tidal deltasimpact large-scale engineering works
Type
Research Article
Information
Netherlands Journal of Geosciences , Volume 91 , Issue 3 , November 2012 , pp. 293 - 310
Copyright
Copyright © Stichting Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 2012

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