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What is Babesia microti?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 October 2003

H. K. GOETHERT  and
S. R. TELFORD
H. K. GOETHERT
Affiliation:
Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, 665 Huntington Avenue, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
S. R. TELFORD
Affiliation:
Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, 665 Huntington Avenue, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Abstract

Babesia microti (Apicomplexa: Piroplasmida) has historically been considered a common parasite of Holarctic rodents. However, human babesiosis due to this species has generally been limited to the northeastern seaboard of the United States and Minnesota and Wisconsin. The absence of reports of B. microti babesiosis from sites where the agent is enzootic, such as in western Europe, remains unexplained. Previous work focusing on the 18S rDNA demonstrates little sequence diversity among samples from allopatric host populations across a wide geographical area. It may be that genetic diversity is underestimated due to sample size or the gene analysed. Accordingly, we collected blood or spleen samples from American or Eurasian animals with parasites that were morphologically consistent with B. microti, amplified the 18S rDNA and beta-tubulin gene, and conducted phylogenetic analysis. Surprisingly, what was considered to be ‘B. microti’ by microscopy appears to be a diverse species complex. We identify 3 distinct clades within this complex, including parasites from non-rodent hosts. Rodent parasites comprise 2 clades, one representing zoonotic isolates, and the other apparently maintained in microtine rodents, and therefore their morphological detection within animals from a site does not necessarily imply a risk to public health.

Keywords

Babesia microtiphylogenetic analysispiroplasmrodentbeta-tubulin
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 127 , Issue 4 , October 2003 , pp. 301 - 309
Copyright
2003 Cambridge University Press

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