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Testing local-scale panmixia provides insights into the cryptic ecology, evolution, and epidemiology of metazoan animal parasites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 April 2012

MARY J. GORTON ,
EMILY L. KASL ,
JILLIAN T. DETWILER  and
CHARLES D. CRISCIONE
MARY J. GORTON
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 3258 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
EMILY L. KASL
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 3258 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
JILLIAN T. DETWILER
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 3258 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
CHARLES D. CRISCIONE*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 3258 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 3258 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA. Tel: +979 845 0917. Fax: +979 845 2891. E-mail: ccriscione@mail.bio.tamu.edu
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Summary

When every individual has an equal chance of mating with other individuals, the population is classified as panmictic. Amongst metazoan parasites of animals, local-scale panmixia can be disrupted due to not only non-random mating, but also non-random transmission among individual hosts of a single host population or non-random transmission among sympatric host species. Population genetics theory and analyses can be used to test the null hypothesis of panmixia and thus, allow one to draw inferences about parasite population dynamics that are difficult to observe directly. We provide an outline that addresses 3 tiered questions when testing parasite panmixia on local scales: is there greater than 1 parasite population/species, is there genetic subdivision amongst infrapopulations within a host population, and is there asexual reproduction or a non-random mating system? In this review, we highlight the evolutionary significance of non-panmixia on local scales and the genetic patterns that have been used to identify the different factors that may cause or explain deviations from panmixia on a local scale. We also discuss how tests of local-scale panmixia can provide a means to infer parasite population dynamics and epidemiology of medically relevant parasites.

Keywords

cryptic speciesmating systemsmolecular epidemiologytransmissionpopulation genetics
Type
Review Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 139 , Issue 8 , July 2012 , pp. 981 - 997
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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