Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-2lccl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-29T18:46:33.029Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The emergence of echinococcosis in central Asia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 May 2013

P. R. TORGERSON
P. R. TORGERSON*
Affiliation:
Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurestrasse 270, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
*
*Corresponding author. Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurestrasse 270, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Tel: +41 44 635 90 41. E-mail: paul.torgerson@access.uzh.ch
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, there was an increase in the number of cases of human echinococcosis recorded throughout central Asia. Between 1991 and 2001 incidence rates of cystic echinococcosis (CE) increased by 4 fold or more. There also appeared to be increases in prevalence of CE in livestock and prevalences of Echinococcus granulosus reported in dogs. The increase in human echinococcosis was associated with changes in livestock husbandry, decline in veterinary public health services, increases in dog populations and increased poverty, all of which served to promote transmission of E. granulosus. A few years after reports of increased transmission of E. granulosus, the first reports of E. multilocularis infection in dogs were recorded. Further studies indicated that in both Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan prevalences of up to 18% were present. Recently there has been a dramatic increase in the number of cases of human alveolar echinococcosis recorded in Kyrgyzstan with over 60 cases reported in 2011.

Keywords

Emergencecystic echinococcosisalveolar echinococcosisEchinococcus granulosusEchinococcus multilocularisepidemiology
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 140 , Special Issue 13: Control of cestode zoonoses in Asia: role of basic and applied science , November 2013 , pp. 1667 - 1673
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abdybekova, A. M. and Torgerson, P. R. (2012). Frequency distributions of helminths of wolves in Kazakhstan. Veterinary Parasitology 184, 348–351. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.09.004.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abdyjaparov, T. A. and Kuttubaev, O. T. (2004). Alveolar echinococcosis in rodents of mountainous pastures of Kyrgystan. In Echinococcosis in Central Asia: Problems and Solutions (ed. Torgerson, P. and Shaikenov, B.), pp. 253–262. Dauir Publishing House, Almaty, Kazakhstan.Google Scholar
Aminjanov, M. and Aminjanov, S. (2004). Echinococcosis and research in Uzbekistan. In Echinococcosis in Central Asia: Problems and Solutions (ed. Torgerson, P. and Shaikenov, B.), pp. 13–19. Dauir Publishing House, Almaty, Kazakhstan.Google Scholar
Becker, C. M. and Hemley, D. D. (1998). Demographic change in the former Soviet Union during the transition period. World Development 26, 1957–1975.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, C. M. and Urzhumova, D. S. (2005). Mortality recovery and stabilization in Kazakhstan, 1995–2001. Economics and Human Biology 3, 97–122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuttubaev, O. T., Kasimbekov, B. K., Omorov, R. A. and Karaeva, R. R. (2004). Echinococcosis in the Kyrgyz Republic. In Echinococcosis in Central Asia: Problems and Solutions (ed. Torgerson, P. and Shaikenov, B.), pp. 31–42. Dauir Publishing House, Almaty, Kazakhstan.Google Scholar
Muminov, A. M., Mahmadov, F. I. and Shodmonov, I. S. (2004). Echinococcosis of people and animals of Tadjikistan. In Echinococcosis in Central Asia: Problems and Solutions (ed. Torgerson, P. and Shaikenov, B.), pp. 20–24. Dauir Publishing House, Almaty, Kazakhstan.Google Scholar
Nazirov, F. G., Ilkhamov, I. L. and Ambekov, N. C. (2002). Echinococcosis in Uzbekistan: types of problems and methods to improve treatment. Medical Journal of Uzbekistan 2/3, 2–5.Google Scholar
Shaikenov, B. (2004 a). Ecology of Echinococcus multilocularis. Features of natural endemic foci in the southern deserts of Kazakhstan. In Echinococcosis in Central Asia: Problems and Solutions (ed. Torgerson, P. and Shaikenov, B.), pp. 237–245. Dauir Publishing House, Almaty, Kazakhstan.Google Scholar
Shaikenov, B. and Torgerson, P. R. (2004). Changes in the epidemiology of echinococcosis in Kazakhstan. In Echinococcosis in Central Asia: Problems and Solutions (ed. Torgerson, P. and Shaikenov, B.), pp. 3–12, Dauir Publishing House, Almaty, Kazakhstan.Google Scholar
Shaikenov, B. S. (2004 b). Seasonal dynamics of the transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis. In Echinococcosis in Central Asia: Problems and Solutions (ed. Torgerson, P. and Shaikenov, B.), pp. 283–288. Dauir Publishing House, Almaty, Kazakhstan.Google Scholar
Shaikenov, B. S. (2006). Distribution and ecology of Echinococcus multilocularis in Central Asia. Parasitology International 55, S213–S219. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2005.11.033.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shaikenov, B. S., Rysmukhambetova, A. T., Massenov, B., Deplazes, P., Mathis, A. and Torgerson, P. R. (2004). Short report: the use of a polymerase chain reaction to detect Echinococcus granulosus (G1 strain) eggs in soil samples. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 71, 441–443.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shaikenov, B. S., Torgerson, P. R., Usenbayev, A. E., Baitursynov, K. K., Rysmukhambetova, A. T., Abdybekova, A. M. and Karamendin, K. O. (2003). The changing epidemiology of echinococcosis in Kazakhstan due to transformation of farming practices. Acta Tropica 85, 287–293. doi: 10.1016/S0001-706X(02)00236-X.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stefanić, S., Shaikenov, B. S., Deplazes, P., Dinkel, A., Torgerson, P. R. and Mathis, A. (2004). Polymerase chain reaction for detection of patent infections of Echinococcus granulosus (‘sheep strain’) in naturally infected dogs. Parasitology Research 92, 347–351.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stillman, S. (2006). Health and nutrition in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union during the decade of transition: a review of the literature. Economics and Human Biology 4, 104–146. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2005.04.005.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Torgerson, P. R., Burtisurnov, K. K., Shaikenov, B. S., Rysmukhambetova, A. T., Abdybekova, A. M. and Ussenbayev, A. E. (2003 b). Modelling the transmission dynamics of Echinococcus granulosus in sheep and cattle in Kazakhstan. Veterinary Parasitology 114, 143–153. doi: 10.1016/S0304-4017(03)00136-5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Torgerson, P. R., Karaeva, R. R., Corkeri, N., Abdyjaparov, T. A., Kuttubaev, O. T. and Shaikenov, B. S. (2003 a). Human cystic echinococcosis in Kyrgystan: an epidemiological study. Acta Tropica 85, 51–61. doi: 10.1016/S0001-706X(02)00257-7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Torgerson, P. R., Oguljahan, B., Muminov, A. E., Karaeva, R. R., Kuttubaev, O. T., Aminjanov, M. and Shaikenov, B. (2006). Present situation of cystic echinococcosis in Central Asia. Parasitology International 55, S207–S212. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2005.11.032.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Torgerson, P. R., Rosenheim, K., Tanner, I., Ziadinov, I., Grimm, F., Brunner, M., Shaiken, S., Shaikenov, B., Rysmukhambetova, A. and Deplazes, P. (2009 a). Echinococcosis, toxocarosis and toxoplasmosis screening in a rural community in eastern Kazakhstan. Tropical Medicine and International Health 14, 341–348. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02229.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torgerson, P. R., Shaikenov, B. S., Baitursinov, K. K. and Abdybekova, A. M. (2002). The emerging epidemic of echinococcosis in Kazakhstan. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 96, 124–128. doi: 10.1016/S0035-9203(02)90276-2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Torgerson, P. R., Shaikenov, B. S., Rysmukhambetova, A. T., Ussenbayev, A. E., Abdybekova, A. M. and Burtisurnov, K. K. (2003 c). Modelling the transmission dynamics of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs in rural Kazakhstan. Parasitology 126, 417–424. doi: 10.1017/S0031182003002932.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Torgerson, P. R., Ziadinov, I., Aknazarov, D., Nurgaziev, R. and Deplazes, P. (2009 b). Modelling the age variation of larval protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus in sheep. International Journal for Parasitology 39, 1031–1035. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.01.004.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
US Census Bureau, D.I.S. (2012). International Programs, International Data Base. http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/region.php.Google Scholar
Usubalieva, J., Minbaeva, G., Ziadinov, I., Deplazes, P. and Torgerson, P. R. (2013). Emergence of Human Alveolar Echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan. Emerging Infectious Diseases (in press).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ziadinov, I., Mathis, A., Trachsel, D., Rysmukhambetova, A., Abdyjaparov, T. A., Kuttubaev, O. T., Deplazes, P. and Torgerson, P. R. (2008). Canine echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan: using prevalence data adjusted for measurement error to develop transmission dynamics models. International Journal for Parasitology 38, 1179–1190. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.01.009.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ziadinov, I., Deplazes, P., Mathis, A., Mutunova, B., Abdykerimov, K., Nurgaziev, R. and Torgerson, P. R. (2010). Frequency distribution of Echinococcus multilocularis and other helminths of foxes in Kyrgyzstan. Veterinary Parasitology 171, 286–292. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.04.006.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed