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Regional geothermobarometry in the granulite facies terrane of South India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2011

M. Raith ,
P. Raase ,
D. Ackermand  and
R. K. Lal
M. Raith
Affiliation:
Mineralogisch-Petrographisches Institut, Universitat Kiel, Olshausenstraβe 40–60, 2300 Kiel, Federal Republic of Germany.
P. Raase
Affiliation:
Mineralogisch-Petrographisches Institut, Universitat Kiel, Olshausenstraβe 40–60, 2300 Kiel, Federal Republic of Germany.
D. Ackermand
Affiliation:
Mineralogisch-Petrographisches Institut, Universitat Kiel, Olshausenstraβe 40–60, 2300 Kiel, Federal Republic of Germany.
R. K. Lal
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Abstract

In the southern part of the Archaean craton of South India, an approximately 3.4–2.9 b.y. old migmatite–gneiss terrane (Peninsular gneiss complex) has been subjected to granulite facies metamorphism about 2.6 b.y. ago. During this event, the extensive charnockite-khondalite zone of southern India developed. A younger metamorphism (Proterozoic?) led to retrogression of the charnockites and khondalites, mainly under the conditions of the amphibolite facies.

The physical conditions of metamorphism have been evaluated by applying methods of geothermobarometry to the widespread charnockitic assemblages with garnet, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and quartz. The interpretation of the P–T estimates includes a critical discussion of potential error sources, e.g. errors of the analytical data and the calibrations of the models, and takes into account the complex metamorphic history of the rocks and the kinetics of the mineral equilibria.

P-T estimates were obtained for seven subareas from the rim compositions of the coexisting minerals: Shevaroy Hills 680±55°C—7·4±1 kb; Kollaimalai area 680±40°C—8·6± 1 kb; Nilgiri Hills 680±90°C—6·6±0.8kb (upland massif) and 705±60°C—9·3±0.8 kb (northern margin); Bhavani Sagar area 650±50°C—7·2± 1 kb; Sargur-Mysore area 690±60°C—7·6 kb; Bangalore-Kunigal-Satnur area 760±50°C—6 kb. Except for the last subarea, the P-T model data reflect the conditions of a late annealing stage probably related to the retrogressive metamorphism. Conditions near the peak of granulite facies metamorphism (730–800°C—6·5–9·5 kb) are recorded by the core compositions of the minerals. Although a rather uniform cooling history of the main part of the charnockite-khondalite terrane is suggested from the temperature data, differential uplift of smaller blocks is indicated by the regional variation of the pressure data.

Keywords

ArchaeancharnockiteclinopyroxenegarnetKarnatakamicroprobe analysesorthopyroxeneplagioclaseP-T conditionsTamil Nadu.
Type
Research Article
Information
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 73 , Issue 4 , 1983 , pp. 221 - 244
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1983

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