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Henry Irving and the Staging of Spiritualism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 January 2009

Abstract

Spiritualism enjoys an equivocal reputation not unlike that of wrestling – for whatever their intrinsic qualities, both benefit greatly from the trappings of showmanship. Supposed spiritualist mediums first manifested themselves during the Victorian era, which seems to have been highly susceptible to such fraudsters as the American Davenport brothers – whose touring ‘seances’ were, however, greeted with rather more scepticism in the North of England than in London. While audiences seemed to enjoy the way in which such demonstrations of spiritual possession were presented in a manner resembling a professional conjuring act, professional conjurers were properly offended by such presumption. So, too, was the young Henry Irving, who, with two companions, took up a challenge in The Era, the newspaper of the variety profession, to emulate the mystical achievements of the Davenports. The following paper, which was originally presented in July 1995 at the Theatre Museum as part of the celebrations of the centenary of Irving's knighthood, traces the rise and development of the spiritualist craze, and illuminates this previously obscure aspect of Irving's career. Helen Nicholson is currently completing her PhD on the life of the Victorian actress and singer Georgina Weldon, before taking up an appointment as a drama lecturer in the English Department at Manchester Metropolitan University. She has published articles on Georgina Weldon in Occasional Papers on Women and Theatre, on the Victorian supernatural, and on Victorian fairies in History Workshop Journal.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2000

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References

Notes and References

1. The Sunday News, Philadelphia, 11 December 1887, quoted in Richards, Jeffrey, ed., Sir Henry Irving: Theatre, Culture, and Society. Essays, Addresses, and Lectures (Keele: Ryburn, 1994)Google Scholar.

2. Davenport, R. B., Death Blow to Spiritualism (New York, 1888), p. 91–2Google Scholar.

3. Ibid., p. 103–4.

5. The Spiritual Times, 29 October 1864, p. 1.

6. Brereton, Austen, The Life of Henry Irving, Vol. I (London: Longman Green, 1908), p. 64–5Google Scholar.

7. For an account of this, see The Spiritual Times, 19 November 1864, p. 1.

8. The Spiritual Magazine, I January 1865, p. 36.

9. For a discussion of this, see Barrow, Logie, Independent Spirits: Spiritualism and English Plebeians, 1850–1910 (London: Routledge, 1986)Google Scholar.

10. Quoted in Porter, Katherine H, Through a Glass Darkly: Spiritualism in the Browning Circle (New York: Octagon, 1972), p. 17Google Scholar.

11. The Daily Telegraph, 12 October 1864.

12. The Manchester Guardian, 17 February 1865, p. 3.

13. Ibid.

14. Ibid.

15. The Spiritual Times, 17 December 1864, p. 1.

16. The Era, 13 November 1864, p. 11.

17. The Era, 20 November 1864, p. 10.

18. The Era, 22 January 1865, p. 14.

19. The Spiritual Times, 4 March 1865, p. 68.

20. Brereton, Austen, The Life of Henry Irving, Vol. I (London: Longman Green, 1908), p. 64–5Google Scholar.

21. The Era, 16 October 1864.

22. The Manchester Guardian, 27 February 1865, p. 3.