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Mary in Contemporary Ethiopian Orthodox Devotion

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2016

Extract

IN a double monastery located near the important pilgrimage place of Lalibela, two nuns I had been interviewing suddenly asked me, ‘Why don’t you ask us about Mary?’ They wanted to tell me about how she cared for them, loved them, and answered their prayers. ‘Whatever we ask her she will give us’, they stated. Mary was important for the Ethiopian Orthodox believers I worked with; it became obvious that Mary has an exclusive place in Ethiopian devotion in general. Most of the time, Ethiopian Christians relate to Christ as a distant saviour and turn to Mary in dealing with their daily lives. Mary is pure in both body and soul, a human being without sin, so that Christ becomes the union of divinity and humanity.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Ecclesiastical History Society 2004

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References

1 Double monasteries are common in Ethiopia, with nuns and monks living in the same area.

2 Kefjalew, Kesis Merahi, The Covenant of Holy Mary Zion with Ethiopia (Addis Ababa, 1997), 467.Google Scholar

3 Budge, E.A.T. Wallis Sir, One Hundred and Ten Miracles of Our Lady Mary (1923), 3.Google Scholar

4 The paper is based on field research conducted in Ethiopia during 1998-2000.

5 One of them was in fact crowned after a series of coincidences.

6 Getachew Haile, The Mariology of Emperor Zara Yaqob of Ethiopia, Orientalia Christiana Analecta, 242 (Rome, 1992); Marilyn E. Heldman, ‘Maryam Seyon: Mary of Zion’, in R. Grierson, ed., African Zion. The Sacred Art of Ethiopia (New Haven, CT, and London, 1993),

7 Elias, David L., ‘Our Lady Mary with Her Beloved Son: protective prayer aid?’, in Fukui, Katsuyoshi, Kurimoto, Eisei, and Shigeta, Masayoshi, eds, Papers of the 13th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies (Kyoto, 1997), 222.Google Scholar

8 Heldman, ‘Maryam Seyon’, 72.

9 Ibid., 73.

10 Wondmagegnehu, A. and Motovu, J., eds, The Ethiopian Orthodox Church (Addis Ababa, 1970), 106.Google Scholar

11 To my knowledge, The Miracles of Mary is the only text which has been translated into English. The titles used in this text are translations from Amharic made by Fisseha Tadesse. The Book of the Passing of Mary is translated as De transitu Mariae apocrypha aethiopice, ed. Victor Arras, Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 342: Scriptores Aethiopici, 66 (Louvain, 1973).

12 Cerulli, E., Il libro etiopico dei Miracoli di Maria e le sue fonti nelle letterature del medio evo latino (Rome, 1943).Google Scholar

13 Budge, One Hundred and Ten Miracles.

14 Ibid., 2.

15 Kefjalew, Covenant of Holy Mary, Wondmagegnehu and Motovu, Ethiopian Orthodox Church, 105-8.

16 Kefjalew, Covenant of Holy Mary, 30.

17 Widowers also choose this way of life in their last years, but possibly the number of elderly nuns is higher.

18 Helen Pankhurst, Gender, Development and Identity: an Ethiopian Study (1992).

19 Eleonora Lvova, ‘Forms of Marriage and the status of Women in Ethiopia’, in Fukui, Kurimoto, and Shigeta, Papers, 583.

20 Cressida Miller, ‘Wedasse: Orality and Female Worship in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church’, Journal of Ethiopian Studies (forthcoming).

21 Grillmeier, Alois, Christ in Christian Tradition, 2 vols (1996), 2:369.Google Scholar

22 Interview, Waldebit Mariam, July 1999.

23 Grillmeier, Christ in Christian Tradition, 2:368.

24 Kefjalew, Covenant of Holy Mary, 15.

25 Translation by Fisseha Tadesse, unpublished.

26 Interview, Waldebit Mariam, July 1999.