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Overlapping dimensional phenotypes of impulsivity and compulsivity explain co-occurrence of addictive and related behaviors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 November 2018

Jeggan Tiego Open the ORCID record for Jeggan Tiego [Opens in a new window] ,
Sanne Oostermeijer ,
Luisa Prochazkova ,
Linden Parkes Open the ORCID record for Linden Parkes [Opens in a new window] ,
Andrew Dawson ,
George Youssef ,
Erin Oldenhof ,
Adrian Carter ,
Rebecca A. Segrave  and
Leonardo F. Fontenelle
...Show all authors
Jeggan Tiego*
Affiliation:
Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
Sanne Oostermeijer
Affiliation:
Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Luisa Prochazkova
Affiliation:
Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Leiden University, Institute for Psychological Research & Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands
Linden Parkes
Affiliation:
Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
Andrew Dawson
Affiliation:
Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
George Youssef
Affiliation:
Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
Erin Oldenhof
Affiliation:
Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
Adrian Carter
Affiliation:
Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
Rebecca A. Segrave
Affiliation:
Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
Leonardo F. Fontenelle
Affiliation:
Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Obsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Murat Yücel
Affiliation:
Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
*
*Correspondence regarding this article should be addressed to Jeggan Tiego, Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, 770 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia. (Email: jeggan.tiego@monash.edu)
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Abstract

Objective

Impulsivity and compulsivity have been implicated as important transdiagnostic dimensional phenotypes with potential relevance to addiction. We aimed to develop a model that conceptualizes these constructs as overlapping dimensional phenotypes and test whether different components of this model explain the co-occurrence of addictive and related behaviors.

Methods

A large sample of adults (N = 487) was recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk and completed self-report questionnaires measuring impulsivity, intolerance of uncertainty, obsessive beliefs, and the severity of 6 addictive and related behaviors. Hierarchical clustering was used to organize addictive behaviors into homogenous groups reflecting their co-occurrence. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate fit of the hypothesized bifactor model of impulsivity and compulsivity and determine the proportion of variance explained in the co-occurrence of addictive and related behaviors by each component of the model.

Results

Addictive and related behaviors clustered into 2 distinct groups: Impulse-Control Problems, consisting of harmful alcohol use, pathological gambling, and compulsive buying, and Obsessive-Compulsive-Related Problems, consisting of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, binge eating, and internet addiction. The hypothesized bifactor model of impulsivity and compulsivity provided the best empirical fit, with 3 uncorrelated factors corresponding to a general Disinhibition dimension, and specific Impulsivity and Compulsivity dimensions. These dimensional phenotypes uniquely and additively explained 39.9% and 68.7% of the total variance in Impulse-Control Problems and Obsessive-Compulsive-Related Problems.

Conclusion

A model of impulsivity and compulsivity that represents these constructs as overlapping dimensional phenotypes has important implications for understanding addictive and related behaviors in terms of shared etiology, comorbidity, and potential transdiagnostic treatments.

Keywords

Addictionscompulsivitydimensional phenotypesdisinhibitionimpulsivity
Type
Original Research
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 24 , Issue 4 , August 2019 , pp. 426 - 440
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2018 

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Footnotes

†

Jeggan Tiego and Sanne Oostermeijer are both first authors.

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