Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-mp689 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T05:45:00.074Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effects of multilingual and multicultural practices on divergent thinking. Implications for plurilingual creativity paradigm

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2022

Anatoliy V. Kharkhurin Open the ORCID record for Anatoliy V. Kharkhurin [Opens in a new window] ,
Valeriya Koncha Open the ORCID record for Valeriya Koncha [Opens in a new window]  and
Morteza Charkhabi
Anatoliy V. Kharkhurin*
Affiliation:
HSE University, Moscow, Russia
Valeriya Koncha
Affiliation:
HSE University, Moscow, Russia
Morteza Charkhabi
Affiliation:
HSE University, Moscow, Russia
*
Address for correspondence: Anatoliy V. Kharkhurin, Ph.D. School of Psychology HSE University, E-mail: tovyharhur@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This study opens a project that empirically investigates the Plurilingual Creativity paradigm. This paradigm expands the Multilingual Creative Cognition by making shifts in the conceptualization of the phenomena of multilingualism and creativity, respectively. We examined how multilingual and multicultural factors can contribute to divergent thinking. Online data collection included assessments of language repertoire, multicultural experience, intercultural competence, and divergent thinking. A series of regression analyses obtained evidence for the direct contribution of language repertoire, intercultural competence components and multicultural experience to divergent thinking. In addition, language repertoire was found to moderate the link between management of intercultural interaction and fluency, multicultural experience and both flexibility and originality in divergent thinking. These findings emphasize the importance of considering the contribution of plurilingual/pluricultural factors of language repertoire, multicultural experience, and intercultural competence to creativity. Thereby, these findings provide empirical support for the conceptual shift toward plurilingual creativity.

Keywords

plurilingualismpluriculturalismintercultural competencecreativitydivergent thinkingmultilingualismmulticulturalismbilingualism
Type
Research Article
Information
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition , Volume 26 , Issue 3 , May 2023 , pp. 592 - 609
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adi-Japha, E, Berberich-Artzi, J and Libnawi, A (2010) Cognitive flexibility in drawings of bilingual children. Child Development, 81, 1356–1366. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01477.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Amabile, TM (1996) Creativity in context: Update to “The Social Psychology of Creativity”. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Averina, ES and Shcheblanova, EI (1996) Verbal'nyy test tvorcheskogo myshleniya ‘Neobychnoye ispol'zovaniye’: posobiye dlya shkol'nykh psikhologov. Moscow: Sobor.Google Scholar
Baas, M, De Dreu, CK and Nijstad, BA (2008) A meta-analysis of 25 years of mood-creativity research: hedonic tone, activation, or regulatory focus? Psychol Bull, 134, 779–806. doi:10.1037/a0012815CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barrett, M (2018) How Schools Can Promote the Intercultural Competence of Young People. European Psychologist, 23, 93–104. doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000308CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartel-Radic, A and Giannelloni, J.-L (2017) A renewed perspective on the measurement of cross-cultural competence: An approach through personality traits and cross-cultural knowledge. European Management Journal, 35, 632–644. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2017.02.003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennett, M (1993) Towards Ethnorelativism: A Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity. In Paige, RM (ed), Education for the Intercultural Experience. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press Inc, pp. 21–71.Google Scholar
Bird, A, Mendenhall, M, Stevens, MJ and Oddou, G (2010) Defining the content domain of intercultural competence for global leaders. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25, 810–828. doi:10.1108/02683941011089107CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birman, D, Trickett, EJ and Vinokurov, A (2002) Acculturation and adaptation of Soviet Jewish refugee adolescents: Predictors of adjustment across life domains. American Journal of Community Psychology, 30, 585–607.10.1023/A:1016323213871CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brislin, RW (1970) Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1, 185–216. doi:10.1177/135910457000100301CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byram, M (1997) Teaching and assessing intercultural communicative competence. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Carlson, SM and Meltzoff, AN (2008) Bilingual experience and executive functioning in young children. Developmental Science, 11, 282–298. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00675.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carringer, DC (1974) Creative thinking abilities of Mexican youth: The relationship of bilingualism. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 5, 492–504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cenoz, J (2013) Defining Multilingualism. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 33, 3–18. doi:10.1017/S026719051300007XCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiu, C.-y and Hong, Y.-y (2005) Cultural Competence: Dynamic Processes. In Handbook of competence and motivation. New York, NY, US: Guilford Publications, pp. 489–505.Google Scholar
Chiu, C.-y and Leung, A. K.-y (2007) Do Multicultural Experiences Make People More Creative? If So, How? Research Collection School of Social Sciences.Google Scholar
Clapham, MM (2004) The Convergent Validity of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking and Creativity Interest Inventories. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 64, 828–841. doi:10.1177/0013164404263883CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, MA and Amabile, TM (1999) Motivation and creativity. In Sternberg, RJ (ed), Handbook of creativity. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 297–312.Google Scholar
Conteh, J and Meier, G (eds), (2014) The multilingual turn in languages education: Opportunities and challenges (Vol. 40). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.10.21832/9781783092246CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, V and Wei, L (eds), (2016) Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Multicompetence. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa, A, Hernandez, M and Sebastián-Gallés, N (2008) Bilingualism aids conflict resolution: Evidence from the ANT task. Cognition, 106, 59–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coste, D, Moore, D and Zarate, G (1997/2009) Plurilingual and pluricultural competence. Strasbourg, FR: Council of Europe, Language Policy Division.Google Scholar
Council of Europe. (1996/2001) Common European framework of reference for languages: Learning, teaching, assessment. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Council of Europe. (2018) Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment. Retrieved from Strasbourg, FR:Google Scholar
Csikszentmihalyi, M (2014) The Systems Model of Creativity and Its Applications. In Simonton, DK (ed), The Wiley Handbook of Genius. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 533–545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cummins, J and Gulutsan, M (1974) Some effects of bilingualism on cognitive functioning. In Carey, ST (ed), Bilingualism, biculturalism and education. Proceeding from the Conference at College Universitaire Saint-Jean. Edmonton: University of Alberta, pp. 129–136.Google Scholar
Cushen, PJ and Wiley, J (2011) Aha! Voila! Eureka! Bilingualism and insightful problem solving. Learning and Individual Differences, 21, 458–462.10.1016/j.lindif.2011.02.007CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, J (2014) Moderation in Management Research: What, Why, When, and How. Journal of Business and Psychology, 29. doi:10.1007/s10869-013-9308-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deardorff, DK (2009) The Sage Handbook of Intercultural Competence. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.10.4135/9781071872987CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dewaele, J.-M and Botes, E (2019) Does multilingualism shape personality? An exploratory investigation. International Journal of Bilingualism, 24, 136700691988858. doi:10.1177/1367006919888581Google Scholar
Dewaele, J.-M and Stavans, A (2012) The effect of immigration, acculturation and multicompetence on personality profiles of Israeli multilinguals. International Journal of Bilingualism. doi:10.1177/1367006912439941Google Scholar
Dewaele, J.-M and van Oudenhoven, JP (2009) The effect of multilingualism/multiculturalism on personality: no gain without pain for Third Culture Kids? International Journal of Multilingualism, 6, 443–459. doi:10.1080/14790710903039906CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dewaele, J.-M and Wei, L (2013) Is multilingualism linked to a higher tolerance of ambiguity? Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 16, 231–240. doi:10.1017/S1366728912000570CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duncker, K (1945) The structure and dynamics of problem-solving processes. Psychological Monographs, 58, 1–112.10.1037/h0093599CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Earley, PC and Ang, S (2003) Cultural intelligence: Individual interactions across cultures: Stanford University Press.10.1515/9780804766005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Endicott, L, Bock, T and Narvaez, D (2003) Moral reasoning, intercultural development, and multicultural experiences: Relations and cognitive underpinnings. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27, 403–419. doi:10.1016/S0147-1767(03)00030-0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engjn, AO (2009) Second language learning success and motivation. Social Behavior and Personality, 37, 1035–1042.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feist, GJ (1998) A meta-analysis of personality in scientific and artistic creativity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2, 290–309.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Furlong, A (2009) The relation of plurilingualism/culturalism to creativity: a matter of perception. International Journal of Multilingualism, 6, 343–368. doi:10.1080/14790710903124997CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fürst, G and Grin, F (2018) Multilingualism and creativity: a multivariate approach. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 39, 341–355. doi:10.1080/01434632.2017.1389948CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galante, A (2020) Plurilingual and pluricultural competence (PPC) scale: the inseparability of language and culture. International Journal of Multilingualism, 1–22. doi:10.1080/14790718.2020.1753747Google Scholar
Glăveanu, VP (2010) Principles for a Cultural Psychology of Creativity. Culture & Psychology, 16, 147–163. doi:10.1177/1354067×10361394CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glăveanu, VP (2013) Rewriting the Language of Creativity: The Five A's Framework. Review of General Psychology, 17, 69–81. doi:10.1037/a0029528CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gogolin, I (1994) Der monolinguale Habitus der multilingualen Schule. Münster: Waxmann.Google Scholar
Gogolin, I (2002) Linguistic and Cultural Diversity in Europe: A Challenge for Educational Research and Practice. European Educational Research Journal, 1, 1–16. doi:10.2304/eerj.2002.1.1.3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffith, RL, Wolfeld, L, Armon, BK, Rios, J and Liu, OL (2016) Assessing Intercultural Competence in Higher Education: Existing Research and Future Directions. ETS Research Report Series, 2016, 1–44. doi:10.1002/ets2.12112CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guilford, JP (1967) The nature of human intelligence. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Guilford, JP (1968) Intelligence, creativity, and their educational implications. San Diego, CA: R. R. Knapp.Google Scholar
Gullifer, JW, Kousaie, S, Gilbert, AC, Grant, A, Giroud, N, Coulter, K, . . . Titone, D (2021) Bilingual language experience as a multidimensional spectrum: Associations with objective and subjective language proficiency. Applied Psycholinguistics, 42, 245–278. doi:10.1017/S0142716420000521CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gullifer, JW and Titone, D (2020) Characterizing the social diversity of bilingualism using language entropy. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 23, 283–294. doi:10.1017/S1366728919000026CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gullifer, JW and Titone, D (2021) Engaging proactive control: Influences of diverse language experiences using insights from machine learning. J Exp Psychol Gen, 150, 414–430. doi:10.1037/xge0000933CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hayes, AF (2012) PROCESS : A Versatile Computational Tool for Observed Variable Mediation , Moderation , and Conditional Process Modeling 1.Google Scholar
Hennessey, BA (2010) The creativity-motivation connection. In Kaufman, JC and Sternberg, RJ (eds), The Cambridge handbook of creativity. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 342–365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herdina, P and Jessner, U (2002) A Dynamic Model of Multilingualism: Perspectives of Change in Psycholinguistics. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.10.21832/9781853595547CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hocevar, D (1981) Measurement of creativity: Review and critique. Journal of Personality Assessment, 45, 450–464.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hommel, B, Colzato, LS, Fischer, R and Christoffels, I (2011) Bilingualism and creativity: Benefits in convergent thinking come with losses in divergent thinking. Frontiers in Psychology, 2. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00273CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hornberger, NH (2002) Multilingual language policies and the continua of biliteracy: An ecological approach. Language policy, 1, 27–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobs, JF and Pierce, ML (1966) Bilingualism and creativity. Elementary English, 40, 499–503.Google Scholar
Javidan, M and Teagarden, MB (2011) Conceptualizing and measuring global mindset. Advances in Global Leadership, 6, 13–39. doi:10.1108/S1535-1203(2011)0000006005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karapetsas, A and Andreou, G (1999) Cognitive development of fluent and nonfluent bilingual speakers assessed with tachistoscopic techniques. Psychological Reports, 84, 697–700.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kharkhurin, AV (2008) The effect of linguistic proficiency, age of second language acquisition, and length of exposure to a new cultural environment on bilinguals’ divergent thinking. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 11, 225–243.10.1017/S1366728908003398CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kharkhurin, AV (2009) The role of bilingualism in creative performance on divergent thinking and Invented Alien Creatures tests. Journal of Creative Behavior, 43, 59–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kharkhurin, AV (2011) The role of selective attention in bilingual creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 23, 239–254.10.1080/10400419.2011.595979CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kharkhurin, AV (2012) Multilingualism and Creativity. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kharkhurin, AV (2014) Creativity.4in1: Four-criterion construct of creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 26, 338–352. doi:10.1080/10400419.2014.929424CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kharkhurin, AV (2015) Multilingual creative cognition: Theory and practice. In Jones, R (ed), Routledge Handbook of Language and Creativity. London, UK: Routledge, pp. 452–466.Google Scholar
Kharkhurin, AV (2017) Language mediated concept activation in bilingual memory facilitates cognitive flexibility. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1–16. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01067CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kharkhurin, AV (2018) Bilingualism and creativity. In Altarriba, J and Heredia, RR (eds), An introduction to bilingualism: Principles and processes. New York, NY: Psychology Press, 2nd ed., pp. 159–189.Google Scholar
Kharkhurin, AV (2021) Plurilingual Creativity: A new framework for research in multilingual and creative practices. In Piccardo, E, Germain-Rutherford, A and Lawrence, G (eds), Routledge Handbook of Plurilingual Language Education. Routledge, pp. 225–244Google Scholar
Kharkhurin, AV and Charkhabi, M (2021) Preference for complexity and asymmetry contributes to an ability to overcome structured imagination: Implications for Creative Perception Paradigm. Symmetry, 13. doi:10.3390/sym13020343CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kharkhurin, AV and Samadpour Motalleebi, SN (2008) The impact of culture on the creative potential of American, Russian, and Iranian college students. Creativity Research Journal, 20, 404–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kharkhurin, AV and Wei, L (2014) The role of code-switching in bilingual creativity. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 18, 153–169. doi:10.1080/13670050.2014.884211CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kharkhurin, AV and Yagolkovskiy, SR (2019) Preference for complexity and asymmetry contributes to elaboration in divergent thinking. Creativity Research Journal, 31, 342–348. doi:10.1080/10400419.2019.1641687CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kharkhurin, AV and Yagolkovskiy, SR (2021) Cultural Variations in Evaluation of Creative Work: A Comparison of Russian and Emirati Samples. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.764213CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khukhlaev, OE, Gritsenko, VV, Pavlova, OS, Tkachenko, NV, Usubian, SA and Shorokhova, VA (2020) Comprehensive Model of Intercultural Competence: Theoretical Substantiation. RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics, 17, 13–28. doi:10.22363/2313-1683-2020-17-1-13-28CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khukhlaev, OE, Gritsenko, VV, Pavlova, OS, Tkachenko, NV, Usubian, SA and Shorokhova, VA (2021) Development and adaptation of the integrative intercultural competence survey. Psychology. Journal of Higher School of Economics, 18, 71–91.Google Scholar
Konaka, K (1997) The relationship between degree of bilingualism and gender to divergent thinking ability among native Japanese-speaking children in the New York area. (58 dissertation), New York University, Univ Microfilms International database. (1)Google Scholar
Korzilius, H, Hooft, A. P. J. V. v, Planken, B and Hendrix, C (2011) Birds of different feathers? The relationship between multicultural personality dimensions and foreign language mastery in business professionals working in a Dutch agricultural multinational. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35, 540–553.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kostandyan, М. E and Ledovaya, YA (2013) How the age of language acquisition relates to creativity. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 86, 140–145. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.539CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larsen-Freeman, D and Anderson, M (2011) Techniques & Principles in Language Teaching New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Larsen-Freeman, D and Todeva, E (2021) A Sociocognitive Theory for Plurilingualism. In Complex Dynamic Systems Theory.Google Scholar
Lee, H and Kim, KH (2011) Can speaking more languages enhance your creativity? Relationship between bilingualism and creative potential among Korean American students with multicultural link. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 1186–1190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leung, A. K.-y and Chiu, C.-y (2010) Multicultural Experience, Idea Receptiveness, and Creativity. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 41, 723–741. doi:10.1177/0022022110361707CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leung, A. K.-y, Maddux, WW, Galinsky, AD and Chiu, C.-y (2008) Multicultural experience enhances creativity: The when and how. American Psychologist, 63, 169–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leung, K, Ang, S and Tan, ML (2014) Intercultural Competence. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 489–519. doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091229CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lier, V (2004) The ecology and semiotics of language learning: A sociocultural perspective. Boston / Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lier, V (2007) Action-Based Teaching, Autonomy and Identity. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 1, 46–65. doi:10.2167/illt42.0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lubart, TI (2000) Models of the creative process: past, present and future. Creativity Research Journal, 13, 295–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lubart, TI and Guignard, J.-H (2004) The Generality-Specificity of Creativity: A Multivariate Approach. In Creativity: From potential to realization. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association, pp. 43–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lubart, TI, Kharkhurin, AV, Corazza, GE, Besançon, M, Yagolkovskiy, SR and Sak, U (2022) Creative Potential in Science: Conceptual and Measurement Issues. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.750224CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lüdi, G (2021) Promoting plurilingualism and plurilingual education: A European perspective. In Piccardo, E, Germain-Rutherford, A and Lawrence, G (eds), Routledge Handbook of Plurilingual Language Education. Routledge, pp. 27–43Google Scholar
Lüdi, G and Py, B (2009) To be or not to be … a plurilingual speaker. International Journal of Multilingualism, 6, 154–167. doi:10.1080/14790710902846715CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maddux, WW, Adam, H and Galinsky, AD (2010) When in Rome … Learn Why the Romans Do What They Do: How Multicultural Learning Experiences Facilitate Creativity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 731–741. doi:10.1177/0146167210367786CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maddux, WW and Galinsky, AD (2009) Cultural borders and mental barriers: The relationship between living abroad and creativity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 1047–1061.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marshall, S (2021) Plurilingualism and the Tangled Web of Lingualisms. In Piccardo, E, Germain-Rutherford, A and Lawrence, G (eds), Routledge Handbook of Plurilingual Language Education. New York: Routledge, pp. 44–62Google Scholar
Masgoret, AM and Gardner, RC (2003) Attitudes, Motivation, and Second Language Learning: A Meta-Analysis of Studies Conducted by Gardner and Associates. Language Learning, 53, 167-–10. doi:10.1111/1467-9922.00227CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsumoto, D, LeRoux, J, Ratzlaff, C, Tatani, H, Uchida, H, Kim, C and Araki, S (2001) Development and validation of a measure of intercultural adjustment potential in Japanese sojourners: the Intercultural Adjustment Potential Scale (ICAPS). International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 25, 483–510. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0147-1767(01)00019-0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayer, RE (1999) Problem solving. In Runco, MA and Pritzker, SR (eds), Encyclopedia of creativity. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, Vol. 2, pp. 37–447.Google Scholar
McCarthy, M (2019) Cross-cultural differences in creativity: A process-based view through a prism of cognition, motivation and attribution. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 32, 82–91. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2019.04.002</doi>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Narvaez, D, Endicott, L and Hill, P (2010) The Multicultural Experiences Questionnaire. South Bend, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Narvaez, D and Hill, P (2010) The Relation of Multicultural Experiences to Moral Judgment and Mindsets. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 3, 43–55. doi:10.1037/a0018780CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niu, W and Sternberg, RJ (2001) Cultural influences on artistic creativity and its evaluation. International Journal of Psychology, 36, 225–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohly, S and Fritz, C (2010) Work characteristics, challenge appraisal, creativity, and proactive behavior: A multi-level study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 543–565. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/job.633CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okoh, N (1980) Bilingualism and divergent thinking among Nigerian and Welsh school children. Journal of Social Psychology, 110, 163–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oxford, RL and Ehrman, M (1992) Second language research on individual differences. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 13, 188–205. doi:10.1017/S0267190500002464CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pavlenko, A (2000) New approaches to concepts in bilingual memory. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 3, 1–4.Google Scholar
Pazyura, N (2016) Influence of Sociocultural Context on Language Learning in Foreign Countries. Comparative Professional Pedagogy, 6, 14–19. doi:10.1515/rpp-2016-0012CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perleth, C, Sierwald, W and Heller, K (1993) Selected results of the Munich longitudinal study of giftedness: The multidimensional/typological giftedness model. Roeper Review, 15, 149–155. doi:10.1080/02783199309553491CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piccardo, E (2017) Plurilingualism as a Catalyst for Creativity in Superdiverse Societies: A Systemic Analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02169CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Piccardo, E (2018) Plurilingualism: Vision, Conceptualization, and Practices. In Trifonas, PP and Aravossitas, T (eds), Handbook of Research and Practice in Heritage Language Education. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–19.Google Scholar
Piccardo, E (2021) The Mediated Nature of Plurilingualism. In Piccardo, E, Germain-Rutherford, A and Lawrence, G (eds), Routledge Handbook of Plurilingual Language Education. Routledge, pp. 63–79CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Probst, T, Barbaranelli, C and Petitta, L (2013) The relationship between job insecurity and accident under-reporting: A test in two countries. Work and Stress, 27, 383–402. doi:10.1080/02678373.2013.850756CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Psaltou-Joycey, A and Kantaridou, Z (2009) Plurilingualism, language learning strategy use and learning style preferences. International Journal of Multilingualism, 6, 460–474. doi:10.1080/14790710903254620CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rhodes, M (1961) An Analysis of Creativity. The Phi Delta Kappan, 42, 305–310.Google Scholar
Ricciardelli, LA (1992a) Bilingualism and cognitive development in relation to threshold theory. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 21, 301–316.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ricciardelli, LA (1992b) Creativity and bilingualism. Journal of Creative Behavior, 26, 242–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rietveld, E and Kiverstein, J (2014) A Rich Landscape of Affordances. Ecological Psychology, 26, 325–352. doi:10.1080/10407413.2014.958035CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubin, J (1975) What the “good language learner” can teach us. TESOL Quarterly, 9, 41–51. doi:10.2307/3586011CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Runco, MA (2003) Education for Creative Potential. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 47, 318–324. doi:10.1080/00313830308598CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Runco, MA (2014) Creativity: Theories and themes: Research, development, and practice (2 ed.). Boston, MA: Elsevier Academic Press.Google Scholar
Sánchez-Ruiz, MJ (2011) Stress and Creativity. In Editors-in-Chief: Mark, AR and Steven, RP (eds), Encyclopedia of Creativity (Second Edition). San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 384–389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shao, Y, Zhang, C, Zhou, J, Gu, T and Yuan, Y (2019) How Does Culture Shape Creativity? A Mini-Review. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01219CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Silvia, PJ, Nusbaum, EC, Berg, C, Martin, C and O'Connor, A (2009) Openness to experience, plasticity, and creativity: Exploring lower-order, high-order, and interactive effects. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 1087–1090.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simonton, DK (1990) History, chemistry, psychology, and genius: An intellectual autobiography of historiometry. In Runco, MA and Albert, RS (eds), Theories of creativity. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc, pp. 92–115.Google Scholar
Soldatova, GU, Chigarkova, SV and Rasskazova, EI (2018) Approbation of Expanded Cultural Intelligence Scale in Russian. Psychology. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, 15, 510–526. doi:10.17323/1813-8918-2018-3-510-526Google Scholar
Srivastava, AL and Khatoon, R (1980) Effect of difference between mother tongue and another tongue as medium of instruction on achievement, mental ability and creativity of the VIII standard children. In Annamalai, E (ed), Bilingualism and achievement in schools. Mysore, India: Central Institute of Indian Languages, pp. 31–41.Google Scholar
Stephan, CW and Stephan, WG (1992) Reducing intercultural anxiety through intercultural contact. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 16, 89–106. doi:10.1016/0147–1767(92)90007-HCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sternberg, RJ (2005) Intelligence, Competence, and Expertise. In Handbook of competence and motivation. New York, NY, US: Guilford Publications, pp. 15–30.Google Scholar
Storme, M, Çelik, P, Camargo, A, Forthmann, B, Holling, H and Lubart, T (2017) The Effect of Forced Language Switching during Divergent Thinking: A Study on Bilinguals’ Originality of Ideas. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02086CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tan, C.-S, Lau, X.-S, Kung, Y.-T and Kailsan, RAL (2019) Openness to Experience Enhances Creativity: The Mediating Role of Intrinsic Motivation and the Creative Process Engagement. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 53, 109–119. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.170CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tang, M, Werner, C, Cao, G, Tumasjan, A, Shen, J, Shi, J and Spörrle, M (2015) Creative Expression and Its Evaluation on Work-Related Verbal Tasks: A Comparison of Chinese and German Samples. The Journal of Creative Behavior, n/a-n/a. doi:10.1002/jocb.134Google Scholar
Titone, DA and Tiv, M (2022) Rethinking multilingual experience through a Systems Framework of Bilingualism. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1–16. doi:10.1017/S1366728921001127Google Scholar
Torrance, EP, Gowan, JC, Wu, J.-J and Aliotti, NC (1970) Creative functioning of monolingual and bilingual children in Singapore. Journal of Educational Psychology, 61, 72–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van der Zee, KI and van Oudenhoven, JP (2000) The multicultural personality questionnaire: a multidimensional instrument of multicultural effectiveness. European Journal of Personality, 14, 291–309. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0984(200007/08)14:4<291::AID-PER377>3.0.CO;2-63.0.CO;2-6>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Dijk, M, Kroesbergen, EH, Blom, E and Leseman, PPM (2018) Bilingualism and Creativity: Towards a Situated Cognition Approach. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 53, 178–188. doi:10.1002/jocb.238CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Dyne, L, Ang, S, Ng, KY, Rockstuhl, T, Tan, ML and Koh, C (2012) Sub-Dimensions of the Four Factor Model of Cultural Intelligence: Expanding the Conceptualization and Measurement of Cultural Intelligence. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6, 295–313. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2012.00429.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vartanian, O, Saint, SA, Herz, N and Suedfeld, P (2020) The Creative Brain Under Stress: Considerations for Performance in Extreme Environments. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.585969CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, F (2008) Motivation and English achievement: An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of a new measure for Chinese students of English learning. North American Journal of Psychology, 10, 633–646.Google Scholar
Ward, TB (2007) Creative cognition as a window on creativity. Methods, 42, 28–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ward, TB, Smith, SM and Finke, RA (1999) Creative cognition. In Sternberg, RJ (ed), Handbook of creativity. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 189–212.Google Scholar
Ward, TB, Smith, SM and Vaid, J (1997) Creative thought: An investigation of conceptual structures and processes. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiss, S, Wilhelm, O and Kyllonen, P (2021) An improved taxonomy of creativity measures based on salient task attributes. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, No Pagination Specified-No Pagination Specified. doi:10.1037/aca0000434CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young-Scholten, M (2013) Low-educated immigrants and the social relevance of second language acquisition research. Second Language Research, 29, 441–454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zafar, S and Meenakshi, K (2012) Individual Learner Differences and Second Language Acquisition: A Review. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 3. doi:10.4304/jltr.3.4.639-646CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zenasni, F, Besançon, M and Lubart, TI (2008) Creativity and tolerance of ambiguity: An empirical study. Journal of Creative Behavior, 42, 61–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zha, P, Walczyk, JJ, Griffith-Ross, DA, Tobacyk, JJ and Walczyk, DF (2006) The Impact of Culture and Individualism-Collectivism on the Creative Potential and Achievement of American and Chinese Adults. Creativity Research Journal, 18, 355–366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Kharkhurin et al. supplementary material

Kharkhurin et al. supplementary material
Download Kharkhurin et al. supplementary material(File)
File 28.4 KB