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Direct measurement of selective evaporation of binary mixture droplets by dissolving materials

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2018

Hyoungsoo Kim Open the ORCID record for Hyoungsoo Kim [Opens in a new window]  and
Howard A. Stone
Hyoungsoo Kim*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
Howard A. Stone
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: hshk@kaist.ac.kr
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Abstract

We investigate experimentally and theoretically how a droplet of a binary mixture evaporates when placed on a solid substrate. Our focus is the limit at which the two liquid components have different vapour pressures. Using physicochemical effects, we directly visualize the selective evaporation of the more volatile component and so document the space and time dependence of the chemical distribution in the droplet. In particular, we observe that a mixture consisting of an organic solvent and deionized water dissolves suspended fluorescent polystyrene particles if the lower volatility organic solvent reaches a critical concentration. Consequently, we show that for a small contact angle ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}<\unicode[STIX]{x03C0}/2$) the suspended polystyrene particles begin to disappear from near the contact line, which indicates that the volatile component, here water, evaporates rapidly compared to the other component(s). Finally, we show that a diffusion-dominated model for evaporation of a binary mixture can predict well the experimental results where convective and diffusive mixing effects are negligible, in which case there is significant chemical segregation in the drop.

JFM classification

Complex Fluids: Complex Fluids Phase change: Condensation/evaporation Drops and Bubbles: Drops
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 850 , 10 September 2018 , pp. 769 - 783
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Copyright
© 2018 Cambridge University Press 

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Kim and Stone supplementary movie 1

Evaporation of a binary mixture (water:1M2P - 30:70 wt. %) droplet containing fluorescent particles

Download Kim and Stone supplementary movie 1(Video)
Video 52.9 MB

Kim and Stone supplementary movie 2

Defocused particles image in the evaporating binary mixture (water:1M2P - 30:70 wt. %) droplet

Download Kim and Stone supplementary movie 2(Video)
Video 3.8 MB