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Controlled release urea increases soybean yield without compromising symbiotic nitrogen fixation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 January 2023

Clovis Pierozan Junior Open the ORCID record for Clovis Pierozan Junior [Opens in a new window] ,
José Laércio Favarin Open the ORCID record for José Laércio Favarin [Opens in a new window] ,
João Leonardo Corte Baptistella Open the ORCID record for João Leonardo Corte Baptistella [Opens in a new window] ,
Rodrigo Estevam Munhoz de Almeida Open the ORCID record for Rodrigo Estevam Munhoz de Almeida [Opens in a new window] ,
Silas Maciel de Oliveira Open the ORCID record for Silas Maciel de Oliveira [Opens in a new window] ,
Bruno Cocco Lago Open the ORCID record for Bruno Cocco Lago [Opens in a new window]  and
Tiago Tezotto Open the ORCID record for Tiago Tezotto [Opens in a new window]
Clovis Pierozan Junior
Affiliation:
Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Paraná, Palmas, PR, Brazil
José Laércio Favarin
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP 11, Brazil
João Leonardo Corte Baptistella*
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP 11, Brazil
Rodrigo Estevam Munhoz de Almeida
Affiliation:
Embrapa Pesca e Aquicultura, Palmas, TO, Brazil
Silas Maciel de Oliveira
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
Bruno Cocco Lago
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP 11, Brazil
Tiago Tezotto
Affiliation:
Soil Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP 11, Brazil
*
*Corresponding author. Email: joao.baptistella@usp.br
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Summary

In Brazil, high-yield soybean [Glycine Max (L). Merrill] – corn (Zea mays L.) double cropping system might be nitrogen (N)-limited and additional N fertilization can be beneficial. Early application of N in soybean reduces the symbiotic N fixation (SNF) efficiency and/or establishment. One alternative to avoid SNF impairment is to apply N between the beginning pod (R3) and seed-fill (R5) stages through the use of controlled release fertilizers. In this study, N was applied at 50 kg ha−1 as common urea (CU) or controlled release urea (CRU) with different lag periods until N release starts (30 days, 60 days, or 1:1 mix of both lag times) in a randomized complete blocks design with six treatments and four replicates under tropical and subtropical conditions. CU was applied after soybean emergence (VE) or at the beginning pod (R3), and CRU only at VE. Using urea labeled with 15N isotope, we analyzed the N source used by soybean (fertilizer, soil, or SNF) and SNF parameters. On average, CRU – 30 days, CRU – 1:1 mix (30 + 60 days) and CU applied at the R3 stage increased grain yield by 9.2% (354 kg ha−1) compared to the control. N derived from all fertilizer treatment were almost 35 kg N ha−1, a high N recovery efficiency of 68%. The SNF was not impaired by CU and CRU and accounted for 71% (220 kg N ha−1) of total N uptake. In the conditions of the experiments, fertilization of 50 kg N ha−1 as CRU was shown to be effective to supply N in late soybean demand (R3 stage), increasing yield without damaging the SNF process in high-yield environments.

Keywords

plant nutrition15Nlabeled fertilizerureides
Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 59 , 2023 , e1
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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