Abstract
Electroless Ni–Zn–P alloy deposition from a sulphate bath, containing sodium hypophosphite as reducer, was investigated. To increase the plating rate, the deposition parameters were optimized. The effect of process parameters (T, pH and [Zn2+]) on the plating rate and deposit composition was examined and it was found that the presence of zinc in the bath has an inhibitory effect on the alloy deposition. As a consequence, the percentage of zinc in the electroless Ni–Zn–P alloys never reaches high values. Using cyclic voltammetry the electrodeposition mechanism of Ni–Zn–P alloys was investigated. It was observed that the zinc deposition inhibits the nickel discharge and, as a consequence, its catalytic activity on hypophosphite oxidation. It was also found that increase in temperature or pH leads to the deposition of nickel rich alloys.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R. Noumi, H. Nagasaki, Y. Foboh and A. Shibuya, SAE Tech. Pap. Series. No. 820332, Detroit, Michigan (1982).
G.F. Hsu, Plat. Surf. Finish. 71 (1983) 59.
R. Fratesi and G. Roventi, Surf. Coat. Technol. 82 (1996) 158.
R. Albalat, E. Gó mez, C. Müller, J. Pregonas, M. Sarret and E. Vallés, J. Appl. Electrochem. 21 (1991) 44.
W. Assumus, Galvanotechnik 82 (1991) 838.
S. Swathirajan and Y.M. Mikhail, J. Electrochem. Soc. 136 (1989) 374.
S. Swathirajan and Y.M. Mikhail, J. Electrochem. Soc. 136 (1989) 2188.
D. Snyder, M. Schlesinger and X. Meng, J. Electrochem. Soc. 137 (1990) 1858.
D. Snyder, M. Schlesinger and X. Meng, J. Electrochem. Soc. 138 (1991) 406.
R.D. Fisher, IEEE Trans. Magh., Mag- 2 (1966) 681.
M. Schwartz, Proc. Am. Electroplat. Soc. 47 (1960) 176.
A. Brenner and G.E. Riddel, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 37 (1946) 31 Proc. Am. Electroplat. Soc. 33 (1946) 23.
J.E.A.M. Van Deer Meerakeer, J. Appl. Electrochem. 11 (1981) 395.
S.L. Chow, N.E. Hedgecok., M. Schlesinger and J. Rezek, J. Electrochem. Soc. 119 (1972) 1614.
I. Ohmo, O. Wakabayashi and S. Haruyama, J. Electrochem. Soc. 132 (1985) 2323.
I. Ohmo, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 146 (1991) 33.
A.H. Gafin and S.W. Orchard, J. Electrochem. Soc. 140 (1993) 3458.
M. Pourbaix, `Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions' (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1966), p. 504.
M. Bouanani, F. Cherkaoui, M. Cherkaoui, R. Fratesi and G. Roventi, Proceedings of the Second Mediterranean Basin Conference on Analytical Chemistry, Rabat, Maroc (23–28 Nov. 1997), pp. PII-104.
J. Crousier, Z. Hanane and J.P. Crousier, Electrochim. Acta 38 (1993) 261.
L.M. Abrantes and J.P. Correia, J. Electrochem. Soc. 141 (1994) 2356.
J. Flis and D.J. Duquette, J. Electrochem. Soc. 131 (1984) 34.
J.H. Marshall, J. Electrochem. Soc. 130 (1983) 369.
M. Bouanani, F. Cherkaoui and M. Cherkaoui, Proc. Journées d'Electrochimie, Montréal, Canada (2–5 juillet 1997), p. 105.
A. Brenner, `Electrodeposition of Alloys', Vols. I and II (Academic Press. NewYork and London, 1963).
L. Felloni, R. Fratesi, E. Quadrini and G. Roventi, J. Appl. Electrochem. 17 (1987) 574.
M. Bouanani, F. Cherkaoui and M. Cherkaoui, Proc. Second Maghrebian Conference on Process Engineering, Gabés and Djerba, Tunisia (22–25 Apr. 1996), Tome II, 1st part.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bouanani, M., Cherkaoui, F., Cherkaoui, M. et al. Ni–Zn–P alloy deposition from sulfate bath: inhibitory effect of zinc. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 29, 1171–1176 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003426904395
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003426904395