Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Origin and Evolution of Viruses

  • Published:
Virus Genes Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Holland J.J. in Mahy B. (ed.), Topley and Wilson's Microbiology and Microbial Infections. Arnold, London, 1997, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Gorbalenya A.E. in Gibbs A.J., Calisher C.H., and García-Arenal F. (eds), Molecular Basis of Virus Evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995, pp. 49-66.

    Google Scholar 

  3. McGeoch D.J. and Davison A.J. in Gibbs A.J., Calisher C.H., and García-Arenal F. (eds), Molecular Basis of Virus Evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995, pp. 67-75.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Gibbs A.J. and Keese P.K. in Gibbs A.J., Calisher C.H., and García-Arenal F. (eds), Molecular Basis of Virus Evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995, pp. 76-90.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Meyers G., Tautz N., and Theil H.-J. in Gibbs A.J., Calisher C.H., and García-Arenal F. (eds), Molecular Basis of Virus Evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995, pp. 91-102.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Strauss J.H. and Strauss E.G., Microbiol Rev 58, 491-562, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Shapiro J.A., Mobile Genetic Elements, Academic Press, New York, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Doolittle R.F. and Feng D.F., Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 176, 195-211, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  9. McClure M.A. in Gibbs A.J., Calisher C.H., and García-Arenal F. (eds), Molecular Basis of Virus Evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995, pp. 404-415.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Temin H.M., Perspect Biol Med 14, 11-26, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Botstein D. in Fields B.N., Jaenisch R., and Fox C.F. (eds), Animal Virus Genetics. Academic Press, New York, 1981, pp. 363-384.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Eigen M. and Biebricher C.K. in Domingo E., Holland J.J., and Ahlquist P. (eds), RNA Genetics. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, 1988, pp. 211-245.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kaufmann S.A., The Origins of Order. Self Organization and Selection in Evolution. Oxford University Press, New York, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Gesteland R.F. and Atkins J.F. (ed.), The RNA World, Cold Spring Harbor Lab Press, Plainview, NY, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Robertson H.D. in Holland J.J. (ed.), Genetic Diversity of RNA Viruses. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 1992.

  16. Brazas R. and Ganem D., Science 274, 90-94, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Robertson H.D., Science 274, 66-67, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Strauss J.H. and Strauss E.G., Annu Rev Microbiol 42, 657- 683, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Zimmern D. in Domingo E., Holland J.J., and Ahlquist P. (eds), RNA Genetics. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1988, pp. 211-2

    Google Scholar 

  20. Webster R.G., Bean W.J., Gorman O.T., Chambers T.M., and Kawaoka Y., Microbiol Rev 56, 152-179, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Domingo E. and Holland J.J. in Morse S. (ed.), Emerging Viruses. Oxford University Press, 1994, pp. 203-218.

  22. Domingo E. and Holland J.J., Annu Rev Microbiol, 1997, in press.

  23. Drake J.W., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90, 4171-4175, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Domingo E., Holland J.J., Biebricher C., and Eigen M. in Gibbs A., and Calisher C.H. (eds), Molecular Basis of Virus Evolution. Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp. 181-191.

  25. Eigen M., Naturwissenschaften 58, 65-523, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Eigen M., McCaskill J., and Schuster P., J Phys Chem 92, 6881- 6891, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Rohde N., Daum H., and Biebricher C.K., J Mol Biol 249, 754- 762, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Bilsel P.A., Tesh R.B., and Nichol S.T., Virus Res 11, 87-94, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Weaver S.C., Scott T.W., and Rico-Hesse R., Virology 182, 774-784, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Weaver S.C., Hagenbaugh A., Bellew L.A., Gousset L., Mallampalli V., Holland J.J., and Scott T.C., J Virol 68, 158- 169, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Weaver S.C., Rico-Hesse R., and Scott T.W., Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 176, 99-117, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Weaver S.C., Hagenbaugh A., Bellew L.A., Neteson S.V., Volchkov V.E., Chang G.J., Clarke D.K., Gousset L., Scott T.W., Trent D.W., and Holland J.J., Virology 197, 375-390, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Rico-Hesse R., SC S.C.W., de Siger J., Medina G., and Salas R.A., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92, 5278-5281, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Weaver S.C. in Gibbs A.J., Calisher C.H., and García-Arenal F. (eds), Molecular Basis of Virus Evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995, pp. 501-530.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Steinhauer D.A., de la Torre J.C., Meier E., and Holland J.J., J Virol 63, 2072-2080, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Nichol S.T., Rowe J.E., and Fitch W.M., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90, 10424-10428, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Webster R.G., Bean W.J., and Gorman O.T. in Gibbs A.J., Calisher C.H., and García-Arenal F. (eds), Molecular Basis of Virus Evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995, pp. 531-543.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Gorman O.T., Bean W.J., and Webster R.G., Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 176, 75-97, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Horimoto T., Rivera E., Pearson J., Senne D., Krauss S., Kawaoka Y., and Webster R G., Virology 213, 223-230, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Newman C.M., Cohen J.E., and Kipnis C., Nature 315, 400- 401, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Fraile A., Aranda M.A., and García-Arenal F. in Gibbs A.J., Calisher C.H., and García-Arenal F. (eds), Molecular Basis of Virus Evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995, pp. 338-350.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Muller H.J., Mutation Res 1, 2-9, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Chao L., Nature 348, 454-455, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Chao L., Tran T.R., and Matthews C., Evolution 46, 289-299, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Duarte E., Clarke D., Moya A., Domingo E., and Holland J., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89, 6015-6019, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Duarte E.A., Clarke D.K., Moya A., Elena S.F., Domingo E., and Holland J., J Virol 67, 3620-3623, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Duarte E., Novella I.S., Ledesma S., Clarke D.K., Moya A., Elena S.F., Domingo E., and Holland J.J., J Virol 68, 4295- 4301, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Clarke D., Duarte E., Moya A., Elena S., Domingo E., and Holland J.J., J Virol 67, 222-228, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Escarmis C., Dávila M., Charpentier N., Bracho A., Moya A., and Domingo E., J Mol Biol 264, 255-267, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Novella I.S., Elena S.F., Moya A., Domingo E., and Holland J.J., J Virol 69, 2869-2872, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Novella I.S., Duarte E.A., Elena S.F., Moya A., Domingo E., and Holland J.J., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92, 5841-5844, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Couch R.B., Cate T.R., Douglas R.G., Jr., Gerone P.J., and Knight V., Bacteriol Rev 30, 517-529, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Gerone P.J., Couch R.B., Keefer G.V., Douglas R.G., Derrenbacher E.B., and Knight V., Bacteriol Rev 30, 576- 584, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Artenstein M.S. and Miller W.S., Bacteriol Rev 30, 571-572, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Weaver S.C., Scott T.W., and Lorenz L.H., J Med Entomol 27, 878-891, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  56. San Miguel P., Tikhonov A., Jin J.K., Motchoulskaia N., Zakharov D., Melake-Berhan A., Springer P.S., Edwards K.J., Lee M., Avramova Z., and Bennetzen J.L., Science 274, 765- 768, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Voytas D.F., Science 274, 737-738, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Lai M.M.C., Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 176, 21-32, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Coffin J.H., Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 176, 143-164, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Wimmer E., Hellen C.U.T., and Cao X., Annu Rev Genet 27, 353-435, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Holland J.J. in Fields B.N., and Knipe D.M. (eds), Fields Virology. Raven Press, New York, 1990, pp. 151-165.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Beaty B.J., Sundin D.R., Chandler L.J., and Bishop D.H., Science 230, 548-550, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Henderson W.W., Monroe M.C., St. Jeor S.C., Thayer W.P., Rowe J.E., Peters C.J., and Nichol S.T., Virology 214, 602-610, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Boyko V.P., Karasev A.V., Agranovsky A.A., Koonin E.V., and Dolja V.V., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89, 9156-9160, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Wang Y. and Walker P.J., Virology 195, 719-731, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Walker P.J., Byrne K.A., Riding G.A., Cowley J.A., Wang Y., and McWilliam S., Virology 191, 49-61, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Perrault J., Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 93, 151-207, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Drake J.W., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88, 7160-7164, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Loeb L.A. and Kunkel T.A., Annu Rev Biochem 52, 429-457, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Biggar R.J., Taylor M.E., Neel J.V., Hjelle B., Levine P.H., Black F.L., Shaw G.M., Sharp P.M., and Hahn B.H., Virology 216, 165-173, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Harwood S.H. and Beckage N.E., Insect Biochem Mol Biol 24, 685-698, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Ho L., Chan S.Y., Burk R.D., Das B.C., Fujinaga K., Icenogle J.P., Kahn T., Kiviat N., Lancaster W., Mavromara-Nazos P., and et al., J Virol 67, 6413-6423, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Shadan F.F. and Villarreal L., Virus Genes 11, 239-257, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Smith D.B. and Inglis S.C., J Gen Virol 68, 2729-2740, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Lee Y. and Yin J., Nat Biotech 14, 491-493, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Truyen U., Evermann J.F., Vieler E., and Parrish C.R., Virology 215, 186-189, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Van Ranst M., Kaplan J.B., Sundberg J.P., and Burk R.D. in Gibbs A.J., Calisher C.H., and García-Arenal F. (eds), Molecular Basis of Virus Evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995, pp. 455-476.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Sanchez A., Trappier S.G., Mahy B.W., Peters C.J., and Nichol S.T., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93, 3602-3607, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Domingo E., Diez J., Martínez M.A., Hernández J., Holguím A., Borrego B., and Mateu M.G., J Gen Virol 74, 2039-2045, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Novella I.S., Clarke D.K., Quer J., Duarte E.A., Lee C., Weaver S., Elena S.F., Moya A., Domingo E., and Holland J.J., J Virol 69, 6805-6809, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Nájera I., Holguín A., Quinones-Mateu M.E., Muñoz-Fernandez M.A., Nájera R., Lopez-Galindez C., and Domingo E., J Virol 69, 23-31, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Havlir D.V., Eastman S., Gamst A., and Richman D.D., J Virol 70, 7894-7899, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Dockter J., Evans C.F., Tishon A., and Oldstone M.B.A., J Virol 70, 1799-1803, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Teng M.N., Oldstone M.B.A., and de la Torre J.C., Virology 223, 113-119, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Rezapkin G.V., Norwood L.P., Taffs R.E., Dragunsky E.M., Levenbock I.S., and Chumakov K.M., Virology 211, 377-384, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Kew O., Nottay M.B.K., Hatch M.H., Nakano J.H., and Obijeski J.F., J Gen Virol 56, 337-347, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Gu B.Q., Chin Med J 96, 251-261, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Su C., Chin Med J 59, 466-472, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Beck M.A., Shi Q., Morris V.C., and Levander O.A., Nature Med 1, 433-436, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Chapman N.M., Tu Z., STracy, and Gauntt C.J., Arch Virol 135, 115-130, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Monath T.P., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91, 2395-2400, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Holland J.J., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93, 545-546, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Zanotto P.M., Gould E.A., Gao G.F., Harvey P.H., and Holmes E.C., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93, 548-553, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Guan Y., Shortridge K.F., Krauss S., Li P.H., Kawaoka Y., and Webster R.G., J Virol 70, 8041-8046, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Cohen J.E., Science 269, 341-346, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Spindler K.R., Horodyski F.M., and Holland J.J., Virology 119, 96-108, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093–0116, USA; E-Mail

    John Holland

  2. Centro de Biologia Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain; E-Mail

    Esteban Domingo

Authors
  1. John Holland
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Esteban Domingo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Holland, J., Domingo, E. Origin and Evolution of Viruses. Virus Genes 16, 13–21 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007989407305

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007989407305

Search

Navigation