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Antigenic and Molecular Analyses Reveal that the Equine Rotavirus Strain H-1 is Closely Related to Porcine, but not Equine, Rotaviruses: Interspecies Transmission from Pigs to Horses?

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Abstract

We have sequenced the genes encoding the inner capsid protein VP6 and the outer capsid glycoprotein VP7 of the subgroup (SG) I equine rotavirus strain H-1 (P9[7], G5). The VP6 and VP7 proteins of the equine rotavirus strain H-1 shared a high degree of sequence and deduced amino acid identity with SG I porcine strains and serotype G5 porcine strains, respectively. Previous sequence analyses of the genes encoding the outer capsid spike protein VP4 and the nonstructural proteins NSP1 and NSP4 of equine H-1 strain also revealed a high degree of sequence and deduced amino acid homology with the prototype porcine rotavirus strain OSU (P9[7], G5). We have also confirmed and extended the VP4 and VP7 antigenic relatedness of equine rotavirus strain H-1 to porcine strains of P9[7] and G5 serotype specificities isolated in the United States, Venezuela, Argentina, and Australia based on cross-neutralization studies. In addition, the pathogenicity of tissue culture-adapted equine H-1, H-2, FI-14, FI-23, and L338, and porcine OSU rotavirus strains was compared in the neonatal mouse model. The 50% diarrhea dose (DD50) of equine H-1 was similar to that of porcine OSU and equine H-2 and L338 strains, while the DD50 of equine H-2 was≥50 or 315-fold lower than those of equine FI-14 or FI-23, respectively. Our sequence comparison of NSP4 of the rotavirus strains tested potentially identified amino acid residue 136, within the variable region spanning amino acids 130 to 141, as playing a role in virulence. Taken together, there is strong support to suggest that the equine rotavirus strain H-1 may represent an example of interspecies transmission from pigs to horses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, U.S.A

    Max Ciarlet & Margaret E. Conner

  2. Moredun Research Institute, 408 Gilmerton Road, Edinburgh, EH17 7JH, Scotland, U.K

    Pavel Isa

  3. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, U.S.A

    Margaret E. Conner

  4. Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado Postal 21827, Caracas, 1020-A, Venezuela

    Ferdinando Liprandi

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  1. Max Ciarlet
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  4. Ferdinando Liprandi
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Ciarlet, M., Isa, P., Conner, M.E. et al. Antigenic and Molecular Analyses Reveal that the Equine Rotavirus Strain H-1 is Closely Related to Porcine, but not Equine, Rotaviruses: Interspecies Transmission from Pigs to Horses?. Virus Genes 22, 5–20 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008175716816

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